One of the most common ailments on the planet in animals and humans is tuberculosis . Koch's wand is the causative agent of this dangerous disease, with which mankind has been fighting for several dozen centuries. Scientists and doctors constantly invent new drugs, but they can not destroy the bacillus.
What are the bacteria Koch's wand?
Many people are interested in the question of which group of bacteria is Koch's wand? It belongs to the genus of pathogenic mycobacteria (actinobacteria). The most dangerous for humans are 3 types: bull, intermediate and human. Microorganisms are in the reticuloendothelial system of the body, have a dense outer shell and a large oblong form, similar to the fungus.
Koch's wand is a causative agent of tuberculosis
Affects the tuberculosis of Koch's rod and the number of its mycobacteria expressing virulence. Bacilli fall into the interior of the human body in early childhood, but the disease is not always manifested. Its development has a strong impact:
- hereditary predisposition;
- decreased immunity ;
- a depressed state of a person and so on.
How to kill Koch's wand?
This bacillus, due to its powerful three-layer outer shell, is considered stable, so it is not so easy to kill it. She can live on the surface of clothing and objects for a couple of months. Disinfection of the Koch's stick is carried out with the help of chlorine-containing liquids (for 5 hours), hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet irradiation and direct sunlight (about 2 hours).
How long does Koch's wand live?
The bacterium has a unique ability to persist in an anaerobic motionless state for several years. It easily tolerates heat and cold, excess moisture and drying. Answering the question: how many lives Koch's wand in the room, we can say that in a warm and wet place it will last up to 7 years. Under other conditions, the bacillus is viable:
- in manure - 15 years;
- in books - 3 months;
- in the soil - six months;
- in water - 5 months;
- in the street dust - 2 months;
- in unprocessed milk - 2 weeks;
- in cheese and oil - 1 year.
How does Koch's wand die?
Applying preventive measures, many people ask themselves: at what temperature does Koch's wand die? This bacillus lives when the liquid is heated:
- up to 60 ° С - about an hour;
- at 70 ° C - up to 40 minutes;
- at boiling - up to 25 min.
How is Koch's wand transmitted?
Trying to protect themselves and their loved ones from the disease of tuberculosis, people are interested in how Koch's wand spreads. It is transmitted by airborne droplets: during conversation, sneezing, coughing. Infectious bacteria can be infected through poorly processed food. In this case, children can catch the bacillus, because the patients for a long time do not know about their problem.
About a hundred infected people get sick about five. The rest will continue to live peacefully, if there is no weakening of the protective properties of the body. Koch's wand can begin to grow rapidly and develop in the following cases:
- with unbalanced or malnutrition (canned food, food colorings);
- at abuse of drugs and alcohol;
- at unsuitable social and living conditions;
- when smoking;
- with chaotic antibiotic use;
- with such diseases as AIDS, diabetes, ulcers, bronchial asthma and so on.
Koch's incubation period
Time, from the moment of getting into the body of mycobacteria and before the onset of the first symptoms, is called the incubation period. This stage can last from 2 months to a year. Koch's rod - the causative agent of tuberculosis first gets into the respiratory tract and depends on the state of the immune system. Further several options are possible:
- In the body of a healthy person with strong immunity, the bacillus perishes, and the remnants from the recycled bacterium are released into the internal environment. The disease will not develop in this case.
- In a weakened immune system, the mycobacterium will not decay. It, along with blood, gets into the lungs, intestines, kidneys, bones, and the focus of the disease develops there.
After this, the incubation period ends and the person feels the first symptoms of the disease. This time can be very difficult to determine, since the onset of development and growth of the Koch's rod is very similar in signs to a respiratory viral infection or intoxication. At the primary stage, no bacilli are released from the body into the environment. The Mantoux test at this time shows a negative result.
Koch's Wand - Symptoms
Tuberculosis can often last for a long time without symptoms, and it is detected after fluorography. The specialist notices changes or appearance of spots on the image of the chest. Koch's wand causes in the human body such initial symptoms:
- loss of appetite;
- deterioration of sleep;
- lethargy;
- sweating ;
- sharp weight loss;
- increase in body temperature to 37.5 degrees;
- blanching of the skin.
According to statistics, about one-third of the world's population on the planet is infected with the bacterium Koch's wand, but they can not infect others. This is a closed form of tuberculosis and the probability that the disease will begin to develop is only 10%. At risk are:
- children from 2 to 3 years;
- migrants and refugees;
- persons who serve time in the place of deprivation of liberty;
- people without a fixed place of residence.
In the late stages of tuberculosis - an open form, bacteria begin to actively develop in the body. This stage is very contagious and manifests itself in the form:
- shortness of breath;
- dizziness;
- cough accompanied by sputum and without it;
- pain in the chest in a calm state and with a cough;
- appearance in the sputum of blood.
Koch's Wand Analysis
To check whether there is a stick of Koch in the human body, the bacterium causing the disease should specialists. The main method of diagnosis is a comprehensive examination for:
- biochemical and clinical blood tests ;
- microbiological and general urinalysis;
- X-ray, made in 3 projections;
- microbiological examination of sputum and any secretions;
- linked immunosorbent assay;
- Mantoux or Pirke test.
In some cases, in order to confirm or deny the diagnosis, additional tests are performed:
- pleural puncture;
- biopsy;
- bronchoscopy;
- serological examination of sputum and blood;
- magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography.
The examination is performed first by the therapist in the polyclinic, and then, if necessary, he sends to the tuberculosis dispensary to the pulmonologist or phthisiatrist. If a person is sick, then in his analyzes will be:
- an increased amount of ESR, more than 60 mm per hour, at a rate of 10;
- a high number of leukocytes and a change in their shape;
- the ratio between segmented and stab neutrophils changes;
- hemoglobin remains within normal limits.
Koch's wand - treatment
The mild form of tuberculosis is treated with a special complex of antibiotics. This is due to the fact that Koch's stick very quickly adapts to drugs and begins to resist them. Mycobacterium during its life can release toxic substances that have a negative effect on cellular and humoral immunity and poisoning organs and tissues in the human body.
Koch's wand - a disease studied to cope with it, the patient is prescribed four basic drugs and supplement them with auxiliary medications. For example, such a natural sorbent, like Polysorb, binds metabolic products in the body with the help of silicon dioxide and helps to remove them, and also enhances the action of the main drugs.
In severe cases, doctors use conservative treatment, recovery and maintenance of the body, which include:
- chemotherapy:
- Exercise therapy;
- therapeutic nutrition;
- vitamin therapy;
- physiotherapy;
- a course of serious drugs that must be taken at a certain time and with a clear dosage.
In extreme cases, surgical intervention is used, in which the affected area, part of the lung or pleura is removed. If fluid accumulates in the cavity, the specialist makes a puncture and pumps it out. With strict compliance of the patient with all prescriptions, tuberculosis is cured, and in the opposite case the disease develops and ends with a fatal outcome.