Working time - concept and types

The working time influences the standard of living of workers, since the length of time depends on how long a person has to rest, hobbies and cultural development. This concept has several types that depend on a number of criteria. The norms of working time are fixed by the legislation.

What is working time?

One of the important conditions of the employment contract is working time, which is important for both employees and the employer. With its right balance with rest, you can achieve maximum productivity. Working time is the period during which the employee, in accordance with the legislation, and still the labor and collective agreement, fulfills his duties. Its norm is determined by working days or weeks and is not less than 8 hours.

What is included in working hours?

First of all, it should be said that the labor legislation does not provide a legal basis for determining the composition of working time, so it is prescribed in collective agreements, taking into account existing acts. In most cases, working hours include hours spent on performing production operations, including rest between shifts and personal needs. It is important to know what is not included during working hours:

1. Hours breaks, which are provided throughout the work day, when it is divided into parts.
2. Time spent on moving from place of residence to work and back, as well as overcoming passage, changing and registering.
3. Many are interested in whether lunch is included during working hours, so he does not enter the list of hours of work.

Some professions have their nuances in determining the working time and they must be taken into account:

1. If the labor activity takes place on the street or in the premises without heating in winter, the time of the breaks for heating will certainly be taken into account.
2. Includes a work day preparatory / closing time and those hours that are spent on servicing the workplace, for example, to obtain a dress, materials, goods and so on.
3. During working hours of the unemployed, who are involved in paid public works, a visit to the employment center is included.
4. For teachers, breaks between lessons are taken into account.

Kinds of working hours

The main classification of working days depends on the time that a person spends at his workplace. The concept and types of working time should be spelled out in the normative documents at the enterprise where a person works. Allocate normal, incomplete and overtime and each variety has its own characteristics, which are important to consider.

Normal working time

The presented species has no connection with the form of ownership and with its organizational and legal orientation. Normal working hours are at the same time maximum and can not exceed 40 hours per week. It should be taken into account that part-time employment is not considered to be outside the normal working time. It is important to note that some employers do not consider working hours actually spent on working hours, so this point needs to be negotiated in advance so that there are no problems.

Short working hours

There are certain categories of people who can count on reduced working hours established by labor legislation, and it is less than normal employment, but at the same time it is paid in full. Exceptions are minors. Many people think that shorter working hours are pre-holiday days, but this is a delusion. A definition for such categories is established:

1. Workers who are not yet 16 years old can work no more than 24 hours a week.
2. People, aged 16 to 18, can not work more than 35 hours a week.
3. Invalids of the first and second group can be involved in work no longer than 35 hours per week.
4. Workers whose activities are dangerous or harmful to health can work no more than 36 hours a week.
5. Teachers in educational institutions work no more than 36 hours a week, and medical workers - no more than 39 hours.

Part time

As a result of drawing up an agreement between employees and the owner, a part-time work can be established during the placement or during the activity, which is important to distinguish from the reduced type. Incomplete working hours are shortened working hours for a specified number of hours. Payment is calculated in proportion to the time worked, or it depends on the output. The owner must establish part-time work for women in the situation and for those who have a child under the age of 14 or disabled.

Night working hours

If a person works at night, then the set duration of the shift should be reduced by one hour. There are cases when the duration of night activity is equated to daytime employment, for example, when continuous production is needed. Note that the night is considered the period from 10 pm to 6 am. If a person works at night, then payment of his labor is carried out in an increased amount. The amount should not be less than 20% of the salary for every hour of the night. Working hours at night can not be offered to such categories of people:

1. Women in the situation, and those who have children who are not yet three years old.
2. Persons who are not yet 18 years old.
3. Other categories of people provided for by law.

Unregulated working hours

This term is understood as a special regime that is used for certain categories of employees in the event that it is impossible to normalize the time of the labor process. An irregular working time mode can be set for:

1. People whose activities do not lend themselves to accurate time recording.
2. Persons whose work duration is divided into parts of indefinite duration by the nature of the work.
3. Employees who can distribute time on their own.

Overtime

If a person is employed longer than the established length of the working day, then they talk about overtime work. The owner can apply this concept of working time only in exceptional cases, which are determined by the legislation:

1. Work important for the defense of the country and prevention of natural disasters.
2. When carrying out emergency works related to water supply, gas supply, heating and so on.
3. If necessary, finish the work, the delay which can lead to damage to property.
4. For the continuation of the work activity when the employee does not appear and can not make a stop.

Overtime working hours can not be used for pregnant women and women who have children under the age of three, and also persons under 18 years of age. The law may provide for other categories, which can not be involved in works above the norm. The payment for overtime in the case of aggregated accounting is carried out in the amount of a double hourly rate or a double piece rate. The duration of overtime can not be more than 4 hours for two consecutive days or 120 hours a year.