An operation called breast resection is the removal of part of it if there are special indications. As a rule, breast resection is prescribed for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Distinguish between sectoral and radical resection of the mammary gland. When performing a radical resection, as the name suggests, a large part of the mammary gland is removed. With sectoral resection, an organ-preserving approach is realized, because a small sector of the hemispherical gland of the breast is removed.
Sectoral resection of the mammary gland
So, by sectoral resection is understood the partial (sectoral) removal of the mammary gland , which becomes necessary due to the development of the tumor process. Under the breast sector, different doctors understand different proportions: from 1/6 part to 1/8 part. It does not matter whether the breast tumor is benign or malignant - this process needs to be paid attention and remove the affected area in order to avoid the development of a worse scenario.
Sectoral resection is performed:
- for the treatment of suspected cancer, when it is necessary to establish a precise diagnosis by using the extracted material;
- for the treatment of benign tumors;
- for the treatment of breast cancer (as an operation that allows to preserve the organ).
Radical resection of the breast, as it should be noted, is the removal of a third or even half of the breast. At the same time, the small pectoral muscle, fatty tissue, and even those lymph nodes that are located in the subscapular, subclavian, and axillary regions are also removed.
Now sectoral resection of the breast began to produce and appoint more often. It can be performed at the earliest stages of development of a cancerous tumor (when it is not more than 3 cm). The following conditions must also be observed, so that radical resection not only became possible, but also gave the necessary result:
- The tumor should be localized in the upper outer square;
- the absence of metastases in the lymph nodes should be confirmed;
- The size of the mammary gland should be sufficient to conduct surgical intervention;
- the possibility of radiotherapy after surgery should be guaranteed.
Radical resection is performed under general anesthesia, however, it is permissible to carry out sectoral resection under local anesthesia (novocaine or lidocaine). Currently, it is also proposed to perform this operation under the so-called curative sleep. Local anesthesia is not applied in case of detection of non-palpable neoplasm, and also when the operation is performed with the purpose of preserving the organ. General anesthesia is also indicated when the patient has an allergy to all drugs for local anesthesia.
Breast resection: consequences
As a rule, adverse consequences of breast resection are recognized:
- change in the shape of the breast;
- formation of folds near the nipple and cavity;
- unattractive scar with wrong suturing;
- stasis of lymph (when removing lymph nodes);
- infection of wounds before or after surgery, which leads to their suppuration;
- formation of a hematoma due to improper stoppage of bleeding during surgery.
If a sectoral resection of the mammary gland is performed, the consequences can manifest itself in the form of pain, the development of bleeding. Of course, the mammary gland will change to a certain extent after sectoral resection, but this can be ignored if it is a question of saving the patient's life.