Adrenoblockers or adrenolytics are drugs that slow or block the passage of nerve impulses, i.e. they "turn off" the receptors located in the walls of the blood vessels and in the heart, which react to adrenaline and norepinephrine. The list of preparations-adrenoblockers becomes more extensive every year. Let's try to figure out what kinds of adrenolytics exist, and also at what pathologies they are effective.
What are alpha and beta drugs-adrenoblockers?
The main types of adrenoblockers are:
- alpha-blockers;
- beta-blockers.
Depending on the type of adrenolytics affect the receptors of one of the two varieties.
Different adrenoblockers have different dosage form. So adrenolytics are issued in the form:
- tablets;
- ampoule with solutions for injection;
- drops.
Alpha receptor blockers
Alpha-adrenoblockers in the body act as follows:
- expand small veins, while reducing the burden on the heart;
- reduce arterial pressure, reducing peripheral resistance of blood vessels and load on the heart muscle;
- improve blood circulation;
- reduce pressure in the small (pulmonary) circle of the circulation;
- lower cholesterol;
- reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood.
The group of alpha-receptor blockers includes drugs used in the following pathologies:
- arterial hypertension;
- migraine ;
- endarteritis;
- spasm of retinal vessels.
Alfa-adrenoblockers are successfully used in the complex therapy of prostatitis in men.
Contraindications to the use of alpha-blockers are diseases:
- arterial hypotension;
- atherosclerosis;
- myocardial infarction;
- marked renal or hepatic insufficiency.
In the list of popular preparations of alpha-blockers:
- Dihydroergotoxin;
- Urapidil;
- Nicergoline;
- Fentolamine;
- Pyrroxane;
- Tropafen;
- Prazosin hydrochloride;
- Butyroxane.
For your information! Previously, drugs from the α-blocker list were used in cardiology in the treatment of all patients without exception, but as a result of medical research it was revealed that in some cases their application could lead to a heart attack.
Beta-receptor blockers
The administration of beta-blocker drugs leads to the following effect:
- decreases the heart rate;
- decreases blood pressure;
- the resistance of the heart muscle cells to oxygen starvation in ischemia increases;
- improves the tone of blood vessels;
- the formation of thrombocytes is inhibited;
- increases the flow of oxygen into the tissues of the body;
- the work of internal organs and secretory glands is stabilized.
Indications for the use of drugs on the list of β-blockers are diseases such as:
- glaucoma;
- arterial hypertension;
- angina pectoris;
- cardiac arrhythmia;
- myocardial infarction;
- heart failure;
- thyrotoxicosis ;
- cardiomyopathy.
Among the contraindications to the use of drugs of this type are a number of ailments, including:
- diabetes;
- bronchial asthma;
- COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease);
- obliterating atherosclerosis.
In the list of beta-blockers of the new generation, drugs:
- Cordanum;
- Anaprilin (Propranolol);
- Metoprolol;
- Bisoprolol (Concor);
- Nebilet (Nebivolol);
- Betaxolol (Lokren);
- Aptin;
- Betazprin;
- Esmolol et al.
Important! Although some drugs-adrenoblockers can be purchased in pharmacies without a prescription, but they should be used according to the doctor's prescription, as serious side effects can be obtained instead of effective treatment.
Hybrid adrenoblockers
There is a special group of drugs that manifest themselves simultaneously as alpha-adrenolytics and beta-adrenolytic drugs. These are adrenoblockers, such as:
- Labetol;
- Procodolol.