Adrainolitics are a group of chemicals that affect certain adrenergic receptors. Depending on which adrenoreceptors are affected by these substances, they are divided into beta and alpha-blockers. Preparations based on them are prescribed in the fight against various pathologies of the heart, the vascular system, in case of circulatory disorders and for normalizing the pressure.
Preparations Alpha-blockers
There are two main groups of medicines.
Non-selective blockers
Substances depressing the activity of postsynaptic adenoreceptors, resulting in an expansion of the lumen of the vessels and a drop in pressure, as well as an excessive release of norepinephrine.
The main representative of the first group is Fentolamine, whose effect is to increase peripheral vessels. When the substance is administered intravenously, the effect is achieved within fifteen minutes.
In medicine, the medicine is now used quite rarely, but it can be prescribed for:
- bedsores or frostbite;
- diagnosis of pheochromocytoma;
- hypertensive crisis;
- hemorrhagic shock;
- Raynaud's disease .
Other representatives of this group:
- Pyrroxane;
- Tropafen;
- Dihydroergotamine.
Selective Alpha-1-adrenoblockers
The substances are characterized by greater activity and duration. They have a positive effect on the level of cholesterol in the blood, thereby reducing the risk of developing atherosclerosis. In addition, the substances do not affect the sugar content, do not increase the pressure and differ in a small number of side effects.
Selective alpha-blockers include the following list of drugs:
- Doxazosin;
- Ter;
- Prazon.
By their effectiveness, these drugs are far ahead of Fentolamine. Their main effect is to reduce pressure by reducing the suppression of vascular tone. Properties begin to manifest after about an hour after ingestion.
Indications for use of Alpha-adrenoblockers
Consider the therapeutic effects of certain groups of drugs:
- With pathologies of the peripheral circulatory system (Raynaud's disease), in the therapy of long-term healing wounds and decubitus, and in the control of pheochromocytomas, Fentolamine and Tropafen are prescribed.
- The initial stages of the development of prostate adenoma are treated with Prozazin, which improves the outflow of urine.
- Alfa-1-adrenoblockers were most common in hypertension. They expand the vessels (from the smallest to the largest), thereby reducing pressure. Decrease in pressure leads to a significant drop in the load on the myocardium, which makes these drugs effective in myocardial infarction .
- For long-term therapy, Prazonin and Doxazine are used.
- Fostopolitic properties are endowed with Fentolamin and Prazonin.
- Diabergergotamine is used for migraine, as well as acute and congestive forms of circulatory insufficiency.
Contraindications Alpha-blockers
Do not give medicines to people who have the following deviations:
- bradycardia;
- severe atherosclerosis;
- cardiopalmus;
- with kidney disease;
- propensity to orthostatic reaction, characteristic for elderly people with diabetes;
- ischemic disease without parallel administration of beta-blockers;
- pathology of cerebral circulation.
Relative contraindication is pregnancy.
Undesirable effects are manifested as:
- excessive pressure drop;
- the onset of swelling;
- headaches;
- heart rate malfunction;
- tachycardia;
- vasodilation;
- swelling of the mucous membranes;
- nausea;
- insomnia;
- pain in the muscles.