Asthma has been known to mankind for a long time. This ailment was actively used in the era of the prosperity of ancient Greece. Then it was called "suffocation". In our time the disease has not disappeared, but, on the contrary, has gained new momentum and changed. One of the predominant forms of the disease is atopic bronchial asthma. Its prevalence is very high.
What does atopic bronchial asthma mean?
This ailment is the result of the body's hypersensitivity to external factors - to allergens. That is, it is a reaction to the stimulus. Atopic bronchial asthma has a complex pathogenesis. This mechanism is influenced by both external and internal causes. The following cells participate in the formation of the reaction:
- basophils ;
- mast cells;
- leukocytes;
- epithelial cells;
- macrophages.
After the ingestion of an allergen, an anaphylactic reaction is observed in the body. In time this can happen in 2 minutes or 2 hours. Allergic asthma happens of such kinds:
- Dusty (it's also household). Often shown during the heating season, but sometimes occurs even in the summer. This disease is characterized by a rapid improvement in the patient's health. It is only a person to leave the house, and in a moment there is no trace of the problem.
- Fungal disease, the appearance of which is associated with sporulation of pathogenic fungi. Attacks with this pathological condition often occur in the evening, when the concentration of spores increases.
- A disease provoked by pollen. It can be manifested after eating allergen products or finding oneself next to "provocateurs".
- The epidermal form is extremely rare. This type of bronchial asthma is a professional disease of workers in research laboratories. There is such a disease in cattle breeders.
Atopic bronchial asthma - development factors
A hereditary factor plays a huge role in the onset of this illness. If one of the parents suffers from this disease, the probability that it will appear in the child is more than 40%. Also, exacerbation of atopic bronchial asthma occurs in the following cases:
- long-term use of medications;
- bad ecology;
- harmful working conditions;
- systematic consumption of foods with a high content of preservatives, dyes and other harmful additives;
- cigarette smoke;
- reaction to perfume.
Allergic asthma symptoms
The presence of this ailment can be judged on a number of grounds. Symptoms of atopic bronchial asthma can have the following:
- superficial shortness of breath;
- dyspnea;
- paroxysmal cough;
- pain in the chest.
The intensity of manifestation of these signs depends on the severity of the course of the disease. With prolonged form of the disease, there is an increased reaction of the organism to stimuli. An aggravation can cause such factors:
- Stay indoors, where too dusty and dirty;
- contact with animals and plants-provocateurs;
- intensive physical activity.
Atopic bronchial asthma is a mild persistent flow
At this stage, the ailment makes itself felt 2-3 times a month. At night, attacks almost do not bother. Atopic bronchial asthma is characterized at this stage manifestation of the following symptoms:
- wheezing;
- cough;
- shortness of breath ;
- increase in pulmonary insufficiency.
Atopic bronchial asthma of moderate severity
At this stage, the disease significantly complicates life. Bronchial atopic asthma of moderate severity is manifested as follows:
- daily exhausting seizures;
- sleep disturbance;
- the detection of moderate pulmonary insufficiency.
Atopic bronchial asthma - diagnosis
The examination should be carried out by a qualified allergist and pulmonologist. The main task facing these specialists is to determine the causes of the pathological condition and to identify the mechanism of development of the disease. Bronchial asthma - an allergic form - is diagnosed by the following procedures:
- ventilation test (also spirometry);
- sputum analysis;
- skin test for allergens.
Allergic asthma - treatment
The fight against this disease should be comprehensive. Treatment for bronchial asthma involves 4-step. That is, therapy is appointed taking into account the stage of the disease:
- In mild form - the onset of the disease - atopic bronchial asthma is controlled by leukotriene modifiers.
- In a persistent mild stage, the disease is treated with inhaled procedures with the use of corticosteroids.
- Patients with a moderate-to-severe stage are prescribed admission of prolonged agonists.
- With a complicated form of the disease, oral administration of corticosteroids is mandatory.
Treatment of allergic bronchial asthma requires a complex. It includes such facets:
- Complete exclusion of contact with the stimulus. This can include the shift work (if harmful working conditions), measures to combat the fungus, diet and so on. All these actions are called elimination therapy.
- When the patient can not protect himself completely from contact with the allergen, it is recommended that it be hyposensitized.
- Medication against the disease can be prescribed at both the initial and severe stages of the disease.
The complex preparations of atopic bronchial asthma include preparations of such groups:
- prolonged adrenoreceptor blockers;
- expectorants;
- cromones;
- glucocorticosteroids;
- immunostimulants;
- methylxanthines and so on.
Diet in Atopic Asthma
For this ailment is characterized by a chronic course, so fighting with it can last for many years, and even for the rest of your life. In this period, not only well-written therapy is important, but also proper nutrition. To help here comes a special diet. The purpose of such a nutrition program is as follows:
- normalization of metabolic processes;
- relief of the patient's condition;
- minimizing future seizures.
The patient, who is diagnosed with allergic bronchial asthma, should exclude from his diet such products:
- Bakery products baked from white flour of the highest quality;
- fatty and rich broths;
- coffee;
- chocolate and cocoa powder;
- alcohol;
- honey;
- cooking fats (margarine, spread);
- dried and salted meat and fish products;
- carbonated sweetened drinks;
- smoked products;
- conservation;
- fruits that can cause allergies;
- vinegar, mustard, mayonnaise, spices, spices.
The food should be steamed, boiled or baked. Occasionally a patient can cook stew for himself. There are no fried dishes. The optimal number of meals is 5-6 times a day. It is necessary to minimize the use of table salt, because the sodium present in it enhances the allergic mood of the body. Sodium is capable of retaining moisture, which can cause swelling of the mucous tissues, and atopic bronchial asthma not only does not recede, but will begin to manifest with greater severity.