Ovarian cyst is a benign formation that occurs in the epithelial tissue of one or both ovaries, sometimes on the basis of a cyst. The neoplasm connects to the ovary with the leg, consisting of their blood vessels, nerves and ligaments. The following types of cysts are distinguished by the nature of the content:
- serous cystoma of the ovary - a cavity lined with epithelium and filled with liquid contents. It can degenerate into a malignant tumor in 10-15% of cases. Most often develop in women after 40-50 years;
- Mucinous, multi-chambered ovarian cyst, filled with mucous contents. Most often occurs after the onset of menopause, the probability of the degeneration of such a tumor into cancer is 3-5%;
- dermoid cyst of the ovary - is formed from embryonic tissues, nails, hair, sebum as a result of pathologies of development.
Ovarian cyst - symptoms
At the initial stages of the development of cystoma, the woman does not feel any signs. As the tumor grows, there may be discomfort in the lower abdomen, drawing pains, a feeling of bursting. It can press on the bladder and intestines, causing more urination, constipation and diarrhea. Sometimes, a large vessel undergoing swelling, a tumor can provoke swelling of the legs.
With intense physical exertion and trauma, it is possible to twist the leg of the cystoma, which is accompanied by the following manifestations:
- sharp pains in the lower abdomen;
- nausea;
- increased body temperature;
- muscle tone of the abdominal cavity;
- tachycardia of the heart .
Determine the presence of cystoma can be performed with palpation on a planned gynecological examination or examination in order to identify the causes of infertility. Mucinous cystoma, as a rule, grows on one ovary, serous - on both.
Ovarian cyst - reasons
The development of a tumor can be caused by:
- genetic predisposition;
- hormonal imbalance;
- presence of HPV and herpes viruses in the body;
- disorders of the menstrual cycle ;
- operations on the ovaries;
- infertility;
- breast cancer;
- pathological pregnancy, miscarriage.
Ovarian cyst - treatment
Regardless of the size and morphology, the only effective method of treating ovarian cystoma is surgery. The need for its removal is explained by the probability of its malignancy (degeneration into a malignant tumor), as well as the possibility of excessive growth, when the cystoma can interfere with the normal functioning of the pelvic organs.
The amount of surgery depends on the age of the woman. If she is in childbearing age, the tumor "sluschyvaet" from the ovary with maximum preservation of its tissues. In cases where a woman has crossed the threshold of menopause, a laparotomy is performed - complete removal of the uterus and ovaries.
In the case of twisting the leg of the cystoma or its rupture, the operation is of an emergency nature.
After the removal of the tumor, a thorough histological examination is performed. If it is borderline or malignant in nature, after the operation, further radiation and chemotherapy, hormone treatment are performed.
Prevention of pathology is regular gynecological examinations and timely treatment of diseases of the genital area.
Ovarian cyst - consequences
The most important danger of cystoma is the possibility of its degeneration into a cancerous tumor. Also, with injuries, overloads and rough gynecological examinations, it is possible to twist it and break with a hemorrhage. When in the cystic infection from the intestine can her suppuration, which, if broken, can lead to peritonitis.
Any of the complications entails an increase in the volume of the operation to remove the cystoma.