Psychology of personality is the center of psychological science, on this issue written a huge amount of research. The behavior of a person, his thoughts and desires stem from the psychic properties he possesses. On how the concrete individual develops, not only his future depends, but also the perspective of the movement of society as a whole.
Psychology of the person's personality
The concept of personality in psychology is multifaceted and diverse, which is connected with the very phenomenon of personality. Psychologists of different directions give different definitions of this concept, but each of them contains something important. The most popular is the definition of personality, as an inimitable complex of psychological traits of character , abilities, desires and aspirations that make a person unique.
At birth, each person is the owner of certain abilities and characteristics of the nervous system, on the basis of which the personality is formed. In this case, a newborn child is not called a person, but an individual. This means that the kid belongs to the family of people. The beginning of the formation of personality is associated with the beginning of the appearance of the child's personality.
Characteristics of personality in psychology
People differ in the way they solve life's problems, how they manifest themselves in their activities, and how they interact in society. These differences are interrelated with personal characteristics. Psychologists say that the basic properties of the personality are stable mental characteristics that affect human behavior in society and its activities.
Mental properties of personality
Psychic properties include such mental processes:
- Abilities . This term implies features, qualities and skills that allow you to learn the performance of a specific activity and effectively implement it. The quality of a person's life depends on how much they realize their own abilities and apply them in practice. Non-use of abilities leads to their reduction and to the appearance of a depressed state and dissatisfaction.
- Directivity . This group consists of such motive forces of personality: motives, goals, needs. Understanding your goals and desires helps you determine the vector of motion.
- Emotions . By emotions we mean mental processes that reflect the attitude of a person to situations or to other people. Most of the emotions reflect satisfaction - the dissatisfaction of needs and achievement - the failure to attain goals. A small part of emotions is connected with obtaining information (intellectual emotions) and with contact with objects of art (aesthetic emotions).
Psychological properties of personality
In addition to the above, the individual psychological properties of the personality also contain such components:
- Will . Willpower is the ability to consciously control their actions, emotions, states and manage them. A volitional decision is made on the basis of an analysis of different needs, after which some needs are placed above others. The result of this choice is the restriction or rejection of some desires and the fulfillment of others. During the performance of volitional actions a person can not get emotional pleasure. Here the first place is occupied by the satisfaction of the moral plan from the fact that it has been possible to overcome the lower desires and needs.
- Character . The character consists of a set of personal qualities, characteristics of interaction with society and reactions to the world around them. The better a person understands the negative and positive traits of his character, the more effectively he can interact with the society. The character is not constant and can be adjusted throughout life. Changes in the character can occur both under the influence of strong-willed efforts, and under the pressure of external circumstances. Work on your character is called self-improvement.
- Temperament . By temperament we mean stable characteristics due to the structure of the nervous system. There are four types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic . Each of these species has its positive characteristics, which should be taken into account when choosing a profession.
Emotional properties of personality
Emotion and personality psychology considers in direct interrelation. Many actions are consciously or unconsciously committed precisely under the influence of emotions and feelings. Emotions are distinguished by such characteristics:
- The strength of emotional excitability - this indicator tells you about the strength of the impact that is necessary for the person to have an emotional reaction.
- Stability . This characteristic indicates how long the resulting emotional reaction will last.
- Intensity of the feeling itself . The feelings and emotions that arise may be weak, but can capture a person as a whole, penetrating into all his activities and interfering with living a normal life. In this case, talk about the appearance of passion or affective state.
- Depth . This characteristic indicates how important the personality for the person's feelings and how much it will affect her actions and desires.
Social properties of personality
All the personality traits that help her to contact the surrounding society are social. The more a person is oriented toward communication, the better her social qualities are developed and the more she is interested in society. People of an introverted type have underdeveloped social skills, do not seek communication, and can behave in social contacts inefficiently.
The social qualities of an individual include:
- sociability;
- empathy and empathy;
- openness to communication;
- initiative, enterprise;
- leadership skills;
- tact;
- tolerance;
- ideological conviction;
- a responsibility.
Personality development - psychology
Each child is born with a unique set of genes and features of the nervous system, which are the basis for the development of the personality. Initially, the personality is formed under the influence of the parent family and upbringing, the environment and society. In a more adult state, changes are due to the influence of people living side by side and the environment. Such development will be unconscious. A conscious self-development, in which all changes develop consciously and according to a certain system, is more effective and is called self-development.
The psychology of personality development calls such driving forces of human change:
- environment (school of behaviorism);
- the unconscious (the school of psychoanalysis);
- inborn tendencies (humanistic psychology);
- activity (activity theory);
- personal crises (E. Erickson's theory).
Self-awareness of personality in psychology
Consciousness and self-awareness of personality in psychology began to be studied not so long ago, but there was a lot of scientific material on this topic. The problem of self-awareness of the individual is one of the basic in this science. Without self-consciousness, it is impossible to imagine the formation and psychological growth of the individual, and of the whole society as a whole. Self-consciousness helps a person to distinguish himself from society and to understand who he is and in what direction he should move further.
Under the self-awareness of psychologists understand the awareness of man's needs, opportunities, abilities and his place in the world and society. The development of self-awareness goes in three stages:
- State of health. At this stage, there is an awareness of your body and its psychological separation from external objects.
- Awareness of yourself as part of a group.
- Consciousness of a unique unique personality.
Willed personality qualities - psychology
The strong-willed personality traits are aimed at realizing desires and overcoming obstacles that arise along this path. To strong-willed qualities include: initiative, perseverance, determination, endurance, discipline, purposefulness, self-control, energy. Willpower does not belong to the congenital and is formed throughout life. To do this, unconscious actions must become conscious, so that they can be controlled. Will helps a person to feel their individuality and feel the power to overcome life's obstacles.
Self-evaluation of personality in psychology
Self-esteem and the level of claims of personality in psychology occupy one of the leading places. High adequate self-esteem and the same level of claims help a person to effectively establish contacts in society and achieve positive results in professional activities. By self-esteem is understood the level of the person's assessment of his abilities, abilities, his character and appearance. Under the level of claims understand the level that a person wants to achieve in various spheres of life.
Psychology of self-development of personality
Self-development of a person helps him become more effective, realize goals and achieve them. Each member of the society has his own understanding of what an ideal person should be, so the programs of self-development of different people can vary greatly from each other. Self-development can have a systematic character, when a person acts according to the scheme developed by him, and chaotic, when self-development occurs under the pressure of the situation. In addition, the success of self-development depends to a large extent on the development of will and the level of claims.
Psychology of self-realization of personality
Self-realization involves investing the existing forces, energy, talents in a significant for the individual sphere. A person who has not succeeded in realizing himself, can feel an inner emptiness, irritation, chronic fatigue. Self-realization includes such components:
- self-realization of the individual in society;
- self-realization in creativity or sport;
- self-realization in the professional sphere.