Antibiotics - substances of biological or semi-synthetic origin, capable of having a negative effect on pathogens. They inhibit the vital activity of bacteria or cause their complete death. Depending on the spectrum of effects on pathogens, antibiotics come in a narrow and wide spectrum of action.
Antibiotics of cephalosporins
Cephalosporins are modern antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action. They suppress the growth of bacteria, destroying their vital cellular structures. Preparations of this group are well tolerated by humans and practically do not cause undesirable effects. These broad-spectrum antibiotics are divided into four groups.
1st Generation Cephalosporins
Are active against staphylococci:
- Rizolin;
- Kefzol;
- Sporidex;
- Opexin;
- Duroceph;
- Biodroxyl.
Cephalosporins 2 generations
Are active against klebsiella, E. coli, protea and hemophilic rods:
- Wertsef;
- Cefat;
- Aksetin;
- Zinnat .
Third generation cephalosporins
They are used for the treatment of pneumonia, osteomyelitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, infection of the abdominal area:
- Claforan;
- Medotsef;
- Fortum;
- Tzedek;
- Lendacin;
- Torcef.
Cephalosporins 4 generations
The best antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action of this group, they are active practically against all microorganisms, but have serious side effects. Maxipim belongs to the drugs of this group.
Side effects from the use of drugs of this group:
- phototoxicity;
- toxic liver damage;
- dyspepsia.
Antibiotics of fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones are the strongest antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action. Preparations of this group are also divided into several generations, but all show significant activity in relation to gram-negative bacteria. They circulate for a long time in the blood, so they can be applied 1-2 times a day, which reduces the occurrence of side effects. Fluoroquinolones perfectly penetrate into tissues and separate organs.
The list of broad-spectrum antibiotics of this group is quite extensive:
- Tsiprobai, Tsifran, Tsiprolet - apply infections of the skin, urinary tract, soft tissues, joints, suppuration of bones, with sepsis and meningitis.
- Maksakvin, Lomflox - used for general indications, for chlamydia and tuberculosis.
- Nolitsin, Normaks, Norbaktin - is prescribed for urinary infections.
- Zanotsin, Tarivid, Ofloksin - is used for chlamydia, gardnerelle, helicobacter pylori.
Antibiotics of penicillins
Penicillins are one of the strongest antibiotics. They are low-toxic and excreted mainly by the kidneys. They are used for infections of the respiratory system, stomach, genitourinary system, skin, intestines, skin, suppuration of soft tissues, with gonorrhea and syphilis. Penicillins have a bactericidal property: they destroy the bacterial membranes. They are appointed from birth, you can take these drugs and pregnant women.
New and effective antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action of this group are:
- Bicillin;
- Ampicillin;
- Ampioks;
- Oxacillin;
- Hiconcile;
- Clavocin.
The main side effects of penicillins:
- allergy ;
- dyspeptic disorders.
Antibiotics carbapenems
Carbapenems are another type of antibiotic,
- Imipenem;
- Meronem.
Side effects of carbapenems:
- candidiasis;
- dyspepsia;
- allergy.