Hyperplasia of the endometrium is a serious gynecological disease, which consists in the following. The tissue lining the uterus (endometrium) for various reasons grows, increasing in volume, and bleeds. Endometrial hyperplasia can be:
- plain;
- glandular;
- glandular-cystic;
- glandular fibrous;
- atypical.
Simple hyperplasia is a thickening of the endometrium layer without changing the structure of the cells; glandular implies the presence in the layers of tissue of non-specific structures (the so-called adenomatosis). With glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium, pathological formations - cysts - are found in the tissue structure. As for the glandular fibrous form, it is mainly found in the form of polyps - benign formations in the uterus. The latter form of the disease is the most common in medical practice.
Separately, an atypical form of glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia should be distinguished. It is a precancerous form, unlike glandular-cystic and glandular fibrous, since the risk of developing endometrial cancer in this case is 10-15%.
Causes and symptoms of the disease
Glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia, like other types, occurs, as a rule, against the background of significant hormonal changes in the body (usually in girls in adolescence and in women during menopause). Also, the development of this disease can contribute to the overweight women, the presence of her follicular cysts, amenorrhea and anovulation.
The main symptom of endometrial hyperplasia is bleeding, which may be scarce or plentiful, depending on various factors. As a consequence of hemorrhage, there may be accompanying symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, lowering of hemoglobin in the blood.
If the disease is accompanied by a lack of ovulation, then the corresponding effect will be infertility, the suspicion of which often leads a woman to a doctor.
It should also be noted that the glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium can and does not proceed asymptomatically or manifest as irregular pain in the lower abdomen. This significantly complicates the diagnosis, for which if a doctor suspects hyperplasia, hysteroscopy is performed, and ultrasound is used to find out if the patient also has glandular cystic polyps of the endometrium.
Treatment of endometrial glandular cystic hyperplasia
Treatment of this disease is very individual and depends on many factors: the age of the woman, the composition of her figure, the general health status, the presence of chronic diseases, her desire in the future to have children, etc. Also important is the variety of hyperplasia.
Since the cause of the disease is most often hidden in the hormonal disorder, it is also treated with hormonal drugs (progestins and progestogens). Before this surgical procedure
If hyperplasia is atypical, then its treatment should deal with a gynecologist-oncologist. If hormone therapy gives results and the woman wants to have more children, the doctors try not to go to extreme measures, but if the hyperplasia progresses, then the patients are offered surgical intervention (removal of the uterus) in order to prevent the development of cancer.