More than half of all deaths associated with heart disorders occur suddenly. One of the main reasons for such disappointing statistics is ventricular tachycardia. This pathology is characterized by the appearance of consecutive pulses (from 3), which cause cardiac contractions with a frequency of more than 120 times per minute.
Symptoms of ventricular tachycardia
The intensity of the severity of the clinical signs of the disease depends on its shape.
Unsustainable ventricular tachycardia, as a rule, proceeds without obvious signs. This type of pathology is accompanied by arrhythmia attacks, which quickly pass and remain unnoticed. In this case, the unstable form of the disease is considered the most dangerous, since it is an intermediate link between trigger arrhythmia and ventricular fibrillation. In the latter case, a sudden death usually occurs.
Stable type of tachycardia is characterized by rather long attacks of frequent heartbeats (more than 30 seconds). As clinical manifestations, hemodynamic disturbances of cardiac activity are usually observed.
Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia is characterized by the regularity of occurrence, the same duration of the attack and the appearance of permanent symptomatic complexes. The rhythm of cuts is always from 100 to 220 times per minute.
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is accompanied by the same signs as the previous described form, only they are observed irregularly and with each seizure are different.
Symptoms:
- dizziness;
- pain in the chest, squeezing or heaviness;
- fainting ;
- strong palpitations;
- low blood pressure;
- heart rhythm disturbances;
- Stitching or drawing pain in the center of the chest, sometimes gives in the left arm.
Symptoms of ventricular tachycardia on ECG
In the absence of other chronic or structural cardiac diseases on the cardiogram, there is a deviation of the heart axis to the right side. If the tachycardia is complicated by concomitant pathologies, the following characteristic features are noted on the ECG:
- captured or too stretched sinusoidal complexes;
- dissociation of teeth P;
- concordance with one tertiary tooth T (directed in the direction opposite to the direction of the entire ventricular complex);
- Frontal orientation of the axis in the northwest quadrant of the cardiogram.
Treatment of ventricular tachycardia
The attack of an unstable form of the disease, which lasts more than half a minute, is important to stop immediately, by
Situations with cardiac arrest and disappearance of the pulse are subject to emergency defibrillation.
If ventricular tachycardia occurs against the background of a bradycardia, drug therapy is recommended, aimed at normalizing the heart rate, eliminating electrolyte disorders, ischemia, hypotension, restoration of blood pressure values. Medicines are selected by the cardiologist on an individual basis.
The most effective way to combat the examined pathology is the surgical introduction of an electronic device that controls cardiac activity - a cardioverter or pacemaker . Also, sometimes the removal of small areas of damaged ventricular zones is prescribed.