While we are admiring the starry sky, somewhere there scientists are discovering new and unexplored areas of outer space. Thanks to telescopes, satellites, we continue to better recognize the neighbors of our beautiful planet.
True, for several decades there is something that scientists can not explain until the end so far, and here's some of it for you.
1. A supernova explosion, or a supernova.
Under the influence of huge temperatures in the core, a thermonuclear reaction begins that converts hydrogen to helium. More heat is released, the radiation of which inside the star increases, but is still restrained by gravity. If normal language, then in the process of this phenomenon, the star increases its brightness by 5-10 times and at that moment it ceases to exist. It is interesting that every second the energy that the Sun produces during the entire period of its existence is allocated every second.
2. Black holes.
And this is one of the most mysterious objects in the whole cosmic space. For the first time, the genius Albert Einstein spoke about them. They have such a huge gravitational force that space is deformed, time is distorted and light is bent. If someone's spacecraft falls into this zone, then, alas, he has no chance of salvation. Let's start with zero gravity. You are in free fall, so the crew, the ship and all the details are weightless. The closer you come to the center of the hole, the stronger the gravitational forces are felt. For example, your legs are closer to the center than the head. Then you begin to feel that you are being stretched. In the end, you just tear apart.
3. A tank was found on the Moon.
Definitely, it sounds strange, but it's true. On one of the photographs of the surface of the moon, received from the orbit of the satellite of our planet, ufologists noticed an unusual object that looks like a destroyed tank, if you look at it from above. True, most experts note that this is just a psychological illusion, a deception of view.
4. Hot Jupiters.
They are a class of gas planets like Jupiter, but at times hotter. Moreover, they can swell under the influence of Jupiter's powerful radiation. By the way, these planets were discovered 20 years ago. Scientists have found that more than half of all hot Jupiters have orbits inclined to the equator of their stars. Until now, their true origin remains a mystery, how they are formed and why their orbits are so close to other stars.
5. The giant emptiness.
Scientists have discovered in the universe a place that was called a giant emptiness. This space without galaxies is 1.8 billion light-years in length. And there are these voids in 3 billion light years from the Earth. In general, scientists have no idea how they were formed and why there is nothing inside of them.
6. Dark matter.
Agree that it sounds like the name of a cult fiction movie. But in fact, dark matter is one of the greatest mysteries in outer space. And it all began with the fact that in the distant 1922 astronomers Jakobus Kaptein and James Jeans, investigating the motion of stars in our Galaxy, came to the conclusion that most of the matter in the galaxy is simply invisible. To date, little is known about dark matter, but only one thing is clear: the 95.1% universe consists of it and its dark energy.
7. Mars.
It would seem that there is something mysterious here? But in fact, Mars is fraught with a lot of secrets. For example, on this planet there are mysterious dunes, which are the object of research. Also, a high concentration of silicon dioxide is noted here, and a layer of sandstone is superimposed on the layer of mudstone. By the way, it's still unclear where the underground volcanoes are from Mars.
8. Great Red Spot of Jupiter.
This is the largest atmospheric vortex that has ever been in the solar system. For several centuries this spot managed to change its main color. Do you know what is the speed of the wind inside this spot? It is 500 km / hour. Science is still unknown, as a result of which there is movement within this phenomenon and why it has a reddish hue.
9. White holes.
Along with black, there are also whites. If the first suck in themselves everything they see, then the whites, on the contrary, throw out everything they do not need. There is a theory that white holes in the past were black. And someone claims that this is a portal between several dimensions.
10. The cataclysmic variable.
This is a unique comic phenomenon. These are dwarf stars of white color, located near the red giants. These are stars, the brightness of which does not periodically increase many times, after which it decreases to a level of calm state.
11. Great attractor.
It is a gravitational anomaly that is 250 million light-years from Earth. It is also a large cluster of galaxies. A great attractor was discovered in the 1970s. It can be seen only with the help of X-ray or infrared light. By the way, scientists do not believe that someday we will manage to get to it.
12. Major Gordon Cooper on the UFO.
He visited Mercury. While the major was in space, he claimed to have seen a glowing green object approaching his capsule. True, until now science can not explain what it really was.
13. Rings of Saturn.
We know a lot about Saturn thanks to the interplanetary station "Cassini-Huygens". But there are many more phenomena that are difficult to explain. Although it is known that the rings consist of water and ice, it's hard to say how they form and what their age is.
14. Gamma-burst.
In the 1960s, American satellites detected bursts of radiation emanating from space. These outbreaks were intense and short. To date, it is known that gamma-ray bursts, which can be both short and long. And they occur as a result of the appearance of a black hole. But the mystery is not only why they can not be seen in every galaxy, but where they actually come from.
15. The mysterious moon of Saturn.
She was named Peggy and she continues to confuse scientists to this day. She was first seen in 2013. And in 2017, the Cassini probe sent the latest photos of Daphnis - a small moon of Saturn, which is in a "slot" inside one of the rings of the planet and generates giant waves in its halves.
16. Dark energy.
Black holes, dark matter, and now also a dark energy - is lacking only Volan de Mort. And dark energy is a hypothetical material, which has recently been actively discussed by many scientists. Some astronomers claim that it does not exist at all, and the universe does not accelerate at the expense of it, as was previously assumed.
17. Baryonic Dark Matter.
It interacts badly in an electromagnetic manner. It's hard to find. It is assumed that it consists of a dark gala, dwarf stars, neutron stars, black holes. Most of it is missing, but so far few people can tell where exactly it disappeared.
18. Rectangular galaxy.
The dwarf galaxy, which received the LEDA index 074886, is about 70 million light-years away from the Earth. It was opened in 2012. Its rectangular shape is explained by scientists as a consequence of gravitational lensing (it turns out that everything is so simple). And if understandable, the essence of it is that when an observer looks at a distant light source in space through another cosmic object, the shape of a distant light source is distorted. True, this is only an assumption.
19. Reionization of the Universe.
According to modern ideas, the recombination era, which ended about 380,000 years after the Big Bang, was replaced by "dark ages" that lasted at least 150 million years. During this time, the hydrogen formed was collected in gas accumulations, from which the formation of the first stars, galaxies and quasars subsequently began. In the period of primary star formation, secondary ionization of hydrogen takes place by the light of stars and quasars - the era of reionization begins. True, it remains unclear how all the known galaxies and stars had enough energy to re-ionize hydrogen.
20. The star of Tabbi or KIC 8462852.
In comparison with other stars, it is able to dramatically reduce its brightness and immediately gain momentum. This is an extremely unusual phenomenon, because even some scientists are inclined to think that "green men" may be interested in such changes in brightness. This surprised scientists so much that one of the astronomers, Jason Wright, suggested that Dyson's sphere could be built around the star: "Aliens should always be the latest hypothesis, but it looked as if extraterrestrial civilizations were building something."
21. The dark current.
And again we will talk about the dark side. Astrophysicists have paid attention to the fact that some of the galaxies are clearly moving somewhere beyond the universe known to mankind. As for the potential source of the dark current, the main hypothesis is this: a certain cosmic mass at the very beginning of the existence of the universe, when it was still in a compressed state, had such a strong impact on its structure that to this day a part of it remains in the form of attraction , which leads to galaxies beyond the face.
22. Signal Wow!
It was registered on August 15, 1977 by astronomer Jerry Eyman. It is interesting that the duration of the signal Wow (72 seconds) and the shape of the graph of its intensity in time correspond to the expected characteristics of the extraterrestrial signal. However, recently there was a theory that the signal belongs to a pair of comets that produce radio frequency.
23. NLO 1991 VG.
This mysterious object was discovered by the astronomer James Scotty. Its diameter was only 10 m, and its orbit is similar to the Earth's orbit. That's why there is an opinion that this is not a UFO, but an asteroid or an old probe.
24. The bright supernova ASASSN-15lh.
The supernova, called ASASSN-15lh, according to observations of astronomers, is 20 times brighter than all the combined (more than 100 billion) stars in our Milky Way galaxy, which makes it the brightest supernova in the history of observing such objects. It is twice the maximum brightness fixed for this type of stars. True, the true origin of the supernova remains questionable.
25. Stars are zombies.
Usually, when the stars explode, they die, go out. But recently, scientists discovered a supernova that exploded, went out, but then exploded again. And instead of cooling, as expected, the object continued to maintain an almost constant temperature of about 5700 ° C. However, this star survived not even one, but five such explosions.