Acute cystitis is an inflammatory process of the bladder. The anatomical structure of the urinary system in women is characterized by the following features:
- The urethra is short and its lumen is wider;
- the proximity of the entrance to the urethra to the vagina - the source of various microorganisms.
This explains the higher incidence of acute cystitis in women than in men.
Causes
The main cause of acute cystitis are infections. Of these, the most common intestinal flora, as well as opportunistic staphylococci and streptococci. Lately, cystitis caused by ureaplasma and chlamydia has become more common. More rarely, the cause of acute cystitis are viruses, parasites (schistosomes) and fungi (candida, aspergillus).
An important role in the development of acute forms of cystitis is played by noninfectious factors. They are more predisposing factors than the leading cause. Below are some of them:
- Subcooling. In this condition, there is a spasm of blood vessels. As a result, blood circulation is disrupted and the activity of protective antimicrobial mechanisms decreases.
- Stagnation of blood in the veins of the pelvis leads to a violation of microcirculation. This, in turn, leads to the development of hypoxia. Against the backdrop of insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the organ, the functional state of the bladder is disrupted. And acute bacterial cystitis develops well under such circumstances.
- Cystitis in metabolic disorders. For example, with the allocation of a large number of calcium salts by the kidneys. There is a traumatization of the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder with salt crystals. And this is good soil for attachment of the infectious component.
- Chemical cystitis is rare. For example, with the infusion of toxic substances and drugs through the urethra.
- The neuro-psychic factor can cause local changes in the bladder. It is also possible to include the transfer of urine from the urethra to a bladder associated with a violation of nervous regulation.
- Injuries of the bladder mucosa during diagnostic and surgical manipulations.
- Radiation cystitis, as a complication of radiation therapy in cancer.
Symptoms
The clinic of acute cystitis is diverse. But the main symptoms are difficult to confuse with other diseases:
- frequent urination;
- constant urge, with little urine allocated;
- rezi with urination;
- sleep disturbance due to the need for night trips to the toilet;
- pain in the lower abdomen above the pubis;
- due to the appearance of white blood cells urine becomes turbid;
- sometimes urine is painted in a pinkish color due to impurities of blood.
Treatment
Often disturbed by severe pain, so we'll figure out how to remove an acute attack of cystitis and what to do next. As a first aid for acute cystitis with intense pain, novocain blockades (suprapubic, presacral) are used. With a less severe pain syndrome apply:
- painkillers (Analgin);
- antispasmodics (No-shpa, Baralgin).
The main cause of the disease is bacteria. Therefore etiotropic therapy for acute cystitis is aimed at destroying the pathogen. For this, the drug must be in high concentrations in the urine. Most often for the treatment of cystitis are suitable antibacterial drugs and uroseptics:
- Nitrofurantoin (Furagin, Furamag);
- fluoroquinolones ( Nolycin , Ciprofloxacin).
The importance of dieting in acute cystitis is beyond doubt. Since changes in urine pH affect the life of microorganisms. And this indicator can be corrected with the help of a diet. Exclude sharp, annoying dishes and spices. It is recommended to eat milk-vegetable diet, cranberry juice , kissels. Also, a lot of fluids are needed. Diuretic herbal teas are useful, such as kidney tea, horsetail, bearberry.
At the time of treatment, it is advisable to refuse sexual intercourse for a week.