Treatment of certain diseases requires mandatory use of local or systemic antibacterial therapy aimed at suppressing the activity of pathogens of the infectious and inflammatory process.
Principles of antibacterial therapy
Antibiotics are divided into groups and classes that differ in the activity spectrum, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. The purpose of antibiotics and the choice of a given drug is based on several criteria. Let's consider the main ones.
Strict evidence
Modern antibacterial therapy is performed only when there are signs of an infectious process in the body with a highly probable or proven bacterial nature. Unreasonable intake of antibiotics leads to an increase in resistance in microflora and an increased risk of unwanted reactions. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is allowed only when:
- a high risk of infection during operations;
- severe injuries;
- immunodeficiency .
Identification of the causative agent of infection
The drug should be given taking into account the degree of its antimicrobial activity against specific pathogens. To do this, a bacteriological study is conducted, which allows to establish the pathogen and its sensitivity to existing drugs. Without such an analysis, an antibiotic is prescribed taking into account regional data on the most likely pathogens and their resistance.
Dose, route and frequency of antibiotic administration
All these factors are determined depending on the possibility of the drug to create the required active concentrations in the foci of infection.
Evaluation of the clinical effect
Such an assessment should be carried out 2-3 days after the start of treatment. In the absence of regression of intoxication syndrome, decrease in body temperature, improvement of overall health, it is necessary to clarify the correctness of the diagnosis, change of antibiotic.
Complications of antibiotic therapy
As a result of taking antibiotics, the following complications occur most often:
- allergic reactions;
- dysbiosis ;
- toxic effect on internal organs.