Diathesis in children is a common problem. Faced with it, young parents start to panic. What they just do not do is to ease the state of their child. However, sometimes all their efforts remain unsuccessful, and they just drop their hands, not understanding how to proceed.
Diathesis - Species
In no medical textbook, on which students are taught pediatrics, there is no such disease. The thing is that this term does not indicate any specific disease. In translation from the Greek language, "diathesis" means "predisposition" or "propensity". In other words, the baby has some abnormal deviation of the constitution, because of which he has a reaction to ordinary smells, food and other irritants. There are different types of diathesis in children. Each of them indicates a child's propensity to a particular disease.
Exudative-catarrhal diathesis
This is one of the most common types of pathological condition. It is diagnosed in 75% of children. The pathology can proceed in different ways: some have a mild form, others have a severe one. When a pediatrician diagnoses an "exudative diathesis" under him, he means the baby's tendency to an allergic disease. The aggravation can be provoked by the following factors:
- consumed food;
- infectious agents;
- long stay in the cold;
- additional mechanisms directly related to the characteristics of the functioning of the child's body.
Nervous-arthritic diathesis
This pathological condition is characterized by the accumulation of a large amount of uric acid in the plasma. This substance has a special effect on the child's CNS, increasing its susceptibility to external stimuli. In addition, urine acid diathesis is accompanied by the deposition of salts in the kidneys, on the articular membranes and in the gall bladder. More often this pathological condition is diagnosed in children 1-2 months old. These children have the following symptoms:
- sleep disturbance;
- slow or opposite too high (due to the growth of subcutaneous adipose tissue) gain in weight;
- anxiety;
- stool disorder;
- psychogenic cough.
Such diathesis in children is accompanied by the following syndromes:
- Neurasthenic - is observed in 85% of children with neuro-arthritic pathology. In crumbs diagnosed with diathesis in children, premature development of the central nervous system is noted: they start talking early, are curious and have good memory. At the same time, these babies are emotionally unstable. They may have nervous tics, logoneurosis and other disorders.
- Metabolic - often manifests itself in girls, but by the onset of puberty this syndrome passes. Salt diathesis is accompanied by painful sensations in the joints and in the waist, as well as darkening of the urine.
- Spastic is manifested by hepatic and renal colic, hypertension, migraine and spasms of the bronchial tree.
- Allergic-dermatological - this syndrome is very rare. It is characterized by the appearance of skin rash and an obsessive cough.
Lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis
For this type of pathological condition is characterized by an intensive increase in the number of lymphocytes. However, these cells do not have time to reach maturity, so they can not perform their functions properly. Lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis occurs in children with an increase in the thymus gland and other nodes of the lymphatic system. These organs can not function correctly. As a result, the immune system fails: the baby more often suffers from viral and infectious diseases, since it is too susceptible to the influence of pathogens.
Causes of diathesis in children
More often provocateurs of this pathological condition are the following factors:
- heredity;
- improper care for crumbs;
- food.
By inheritance can be transmitted such pathologies:
- disease of the endocrine system;
- hemophilia ;
- diseases of the digestive system, because of which the synthesis of food enzymes is broken;
- allergic diseases;
- failure in the work of metabolism and so on.
Diathesis in children can also occur due to malnutrition. In crumbs, the digestive system is immature, so the following factors can provoke a predisposition:
- improperly selected formula for artificial feeding;
- early lure ;
- the presence in the diet of the baby products-allergens (chocolate, honey, nuts and others);
- Feeding food from an adult table (shrimp, chips, red caviar);
- the introduction of several new products;
- The presence in the diet of baby cow milk.
In addition, diathesis in young children may occur due to the use of certain medications. More often the pathological condition is caused by such groups of medicines:
- anticoagulants;
- corticosteroids;
- syrups prescribed for coughing;
- antibacterial drugs;
- fibrinolytic;
- NSAIDs and other medications.
Diathesis in newborns can be provoked during the period of gestation. Its appearance is influenced by a number of factors:
- bad habits of a pregnant woman;
- severe toxemia in the first trimester;
- Rhesus-conflict;
- gestosis ;
- unbalanced nutrition in the future mother;
- poor environmental conditions.
Diathesis in children - symptoms
Identify the problem will help, characteristic for her signs. In children, diathesis symptoms can have these:
- skin peeling;
- diarrhea (in infants more often a chair with a greenish tinge);
- eczema;
- hyperemia of the cheeks;
- severe itching;
- cough;
- slight increase in body temperature;
- rash and so on.
Diathesis in children - treatment
If the skin of the baby or from that, there are rashes, you need to immediately show the crumb to the doctor. After visual inspection of a small patient and communication with his parents, the pediatrician will recommend the delivery of tests. More often take a feces in order to reveal, whether there is a dysbacteriosis. In addition, they give a special blood test, which allows to determine allergens. The doctor knows how to treat diathesis. He will recommend the most effective and safe for crumbling therapy.
Drugs for diathesis for children
Medication can be prescribed for both external and internal use. The choice of drugs is carried out depending on what type of predisposition is manifested in the baby. More often for taking in, prescribe such drugs for diathesis:
- Enterosorbents , which are used to purify the intestine from various toxic substances (Polisor, Enterosgel);
- probiotics, saturating the body with useful bacteria (Lactobacterin, Bifidumbacterin);
- vitamins (complexes containing elements of groups A, B, C and E);
- drugs that are aimed at reducing the level of ketone bodies (calcium pantothenate, Urodan, Allopurinol or Etamid);
- sedatives, reducing itching (Valerian Extract, Barbamyl, Phenobarbital);
- antibiotics (Gentamicin or Ampiox);
- immunostimulants (IRS 19, Immunal).
Since the doctor knows not only how diathesis looks, but how much it can cause discomfort to the crumb, the doctor can prescribe such means for external use:
- Sudokrem;
- Fenistil gel;
- La Cree;
- Bepanten plus;
- Advantan.
Treatment of diathesis by folk remedies
Alternative medicine can not completely replace etiologic therapy. However, it is able to become a successful addition, accelerating the process of recovering crumbs. The use of traditional medicine should be strictly under the supervision of the doctor, since too much risk to aggravate the situation of the baby. Used can decoctions, ointments and infusions of their own production. In addition, to facilitate the condition of children do therapeutic baths.
Diathesis in infants - treatment with ointment from birch tar
Ingredients:- melted pork fat - 1 tbsp. a spoon;
- birch tar - a few drops.
Preparation, application
- The components are thoroughly mixed and the ointments are allowed to freeze.
- Apply the drug a thick layer on the skin areas affected by the rash.
- Above, the body is covered with gauze, then with paper and wrapped in a warm scarf.
- After 2 hours the child is bathed.
Miracle-ointment for diathesis
Ingredients:
- Children's cream - 40 g;
- fir oil - 7 drops.
Preparation, application
- The ingredients are mixed.
- Rub the gruel twice or thrice a day into the affected areas.
Nutrition for diathesis
Even the most effective drug therapy will not give the desired result, if the food does not exclude provocative products from the diet. In addition, during the period when the diathesis is treated, it is not possible to introduce food for the child into the feeding. The body of the baby at this time is subjected to a serious attack of allergens and other pathogens, so the reaction to unfamiliar food for him can be unpredictable.
Diathesis in a child - diet
It is recommended to exclude from the diet of children such foods:
- candies;
- sweet pastries;
- smoked products;
- vegetables, fruits and berries yellow, red and orange;
- chocolate;
- honey;
- nuts;
- beverages containing dyes and flavors;
- semi-finished products and so on.
If an allergic diathesis is diagnosed, the baby can be fed with such food:
- buckwheat, rice or other porridge (except semolina and wheat), boiled on water and without sugar;
- green and white vegetables and fruits (cucumbers, apples, cabbage);
- lean meat (turkey, rabbit, chicken or veal);
- fermented milk products with low fat content.
Diathesis in a child - a diet of the mother
If the baby is on natural feeding, then the woman will also have to make adjustments to the diet. Diathesis in an infant will quickly recede if the mother excludes from her diet such products:
- sauces;
- canned food;
- smoked products;
- citrus;
- alcohol;
- nuts;
- eggs;
- strawberry;
- coffee and strong tea;
- chocolate;
- honey.
Prevention of diathesis in children
To take care of the protection of the baby from the development of such a predisposition, a woman should advance, even in the period of his gestation. Diathesis in the baby on the face is unlikely to appear, if the future mother:
- balanced eating;
- she abandoned all her bad habits;
- observes the regime of the day;
- Spends a lot of time in the open air;
- exactly adheres to the prescriptions of the gynecologist.
Prevention of diathesis in infants and older children is represented by such activities:
- Regular wet cleaning indoors.
- Abandonment of pets.
- Long-term retention of breastfeeding.
- Use of hypoallergenic household chemicals.
- Refusal of deodorizing agents: persistent spirits, air fresheners.
- Preference for clothes for a child from natural fabrics.
- Refusal of low-quality toys of Chinese production.
- Introduction of complementary foods, as recommended by the pediatrician.
- Increase immunity crumbs.