The activity of our body is controlled by the nervous system, which consists of the central (head and spinal cord) and peripheral (all other nerves that depart from the spinal cord and brain). Separately, the autonomic nervous system is distinguished, which is responsible for the activity of internal organs. Diseases that can affect the nervous system, and the causes that cause them, are very diverse.
Vascular diseases of the nervous system
Usually, with such diseases, the central nervous system suffers, as a violation of the blood supply to the brain causes strokes and cerebrovascular insufficiency, leading sometimes to irreversible changes in brain activity. Such lesions most often occur against the background of hypertension, atherosclerosis and other diseases. The main symptoms of circulatory disorders of the brain are sudden headaches, dizziness, impaired coordination, sensitivity, nausea, vomiting, partial paralysis.
Infectious diseases of the nervous system
These diseases are caused by various viruses, bacteria, fungi, sometimes parasites that transmit the infection. Most often the infection affects the brain, much less often - the dorsal or peripheral system. Among the diseases of this type are the most common viral encephalitis. Symptoms of infectious lesions are usually headache, a violation of sensitivity, nausea, vomiting, manifested against a background of high temperature.
Hereditary diseases of the nervous system
Transmitted by inheritance disease is usually divided into chromosomal (associated with damage at the cellular level) and genomic (caused by a change in the genes - carriers of heredity). One of the most famous hereditary diseases is Down syndrome. Also hereditary are some forms of dementia, disorders in the endocrine and motor systems. Based on the results of numerous studies, a theory was put forward that hereditary factors may also be the cause of some chronic progressive disorders of the nervous system (such as multiple sclerosis).
Diseases of the peripheral nervous system
Such diseases are very widespread, and everyone has heard about them. True, not everyone knows that these or other problems are associated with the nervous system, for example, radiculitis, neuritis, polyneuritis, plexitis.
Radiculitis is the most common disease of the peripheral nervous system, and is an inflammation of the nerves at the site of their branch from the spinal cord. It can develop with osteochondrosis, infection, hypothermia or trauma. Prostate radiculitis in the form of severe pain, most often in the lumbar region, and temporary immobilization of certain muscles or their groups.
Diseases of the autonomic nervous system
These diseases usually develop against the background of common infections, tumors, injuries and problems with the vessels. They are characterized by cyclicity and general symptoms, which can seriously complicate the formulation of an accurate diagnosis. In diseases of the autonomic nervous system, spasms of blood vessels, dizziness, migraine are often observed.
To avoid or reduce the likelihood of such a disease, first of all, prevention and treatment of concomitant diseases that can lead to violations (blood pressure control, adherence to diet, etc.) is necessary.