The formation of a bush of grapes, perhaps, is one of the main problems that a beginner grower faces on his way of cultivation . And it's not a lack of information - this issue is widely covered in specialized literature, but being more intended for industrial enterprises, this information is hardly applicable in practice.
Pruning and shaping of grapes are important procedures that determine the durability, productivity of the bush, and also minimize labor costs, while ensuring the maximum yield, provided that the means of mechanization are applied.
How correctly to form a bush of grapes?
In order to understand the technology of forming a grape bush, one should imagine its structure. So, the bush of grapes consists of:
- an underground bast in the soil;
- above-ground stem - directly of the trunk of the bush;
- "Head" - from which the sleeves, that is, the perennial branches;
- One-year vines, on which young shoots are formed each time.
Proceeding from this, all methods of forming grapes are classified into two large groups:
- stamping - used in those regions where there is no need to harbor vineyards for the winter;
- Moldless moldings are suitable and more convenient for shelter.
Types of moldless molding:
- Fan formation of a bush of grapes . Characterized by the fact that the bush is left whole sleeves - 2 on each side. And already on them in the future are formed fruiting shoots - vines, whips, arcs. It is also possible a variant of a phased multicoupler fan molding, which is withdrawn for several years.
- Cordon formation of a bush is the difference of this method in the presence of one (one-armed cordon) or two hoses (two-sided cordon), which are located vertically, horizontally or obliquely. This method of forming a bush is especially good for high-yielding varieties, the fruiting ratio of the lower eyes and shoots in which it is sufficiently high.
- Cup-shaped formation - is used mainly for thick planting. The form is also displayed gradually, as in the case of fan formation. The main difference is that the sleeves on the stem are located not in one but in different planes, as a result of which they take the cup-shaped form. In the process of growth, all fruit vines are bent and tied to a cola, which is pre-driven in the middle of the bowl.
Accelerated formation of vines
Since grape cultures are characterized by particularly rapid and intensive growth, it makes sense to use formation and pruning to stimulate the early fruiting of a new plant. For this it is necessary to observe the following conditions:
- take care of growing strong seedlings . It is desirable to plant a permanent place not earlier than when they reach 2 years;
- provision of high cultivation agricultural techniques;
- the number of shoots on each newly planted bush should equal the number of planned hoses, the remaining shoots are cut off;
- in the beginning of summer it is necessary to make chasing of the selected shoots, cutting them so that on each of them there were 5-7 leaves, in
depending on the length of the internodes; - cut off shoots fixed in an inclined position;
- As the stepchildren shoots appear, they are cut off, leaving only the two strongest.
In order to get the most powerful shoots with the accelerated formation of the bush, you should take care of timely and regular fertilizing of plants with mineral fertilizers. If you strictly follow the above scheme, you can significantly shorten the period from planting the grapes to the beginning of fruiting and, as a result, get an abundant and high-quality harvest.