At a young age, hip fractures occur less frequently. This requires severe damage (for example, falling from a height or an accident). And in the elderly, when the strength of bones is reduced, a fracture can happen after a minor injury.
Classification of hip fractures
There are the following types of hip fracture, depending on the level of fracture:
- subcapital (fracture line near the transition of the femoral neck into the head);
- Intermediate (in the middle of the neck of the thigh);
- Basal (in the region of the base of the neck of the thigh).
Fractures are also distinguished with a full displacement, with a partial displacement.
Symptoms of hip fracture:
- pain concentrated in the groin;
- the injured leg is slightly turned outward;
- the inability to lift a straight leg in a prone position;
- shortening of the leg by 2 - 4 cm.
Treatment and rehabilitation after hip fracture
Conservative treatment is used for punctured fractures (when one bone enters another) or contraindications to surgical intervention. In this case, immobilize the leg with a circular hip bandage for 4 to 6 months. This is preceded by an obligatory procedure for the correction of displaced bone sites, which is performed under local anesthesia.
The surgical method of treatment is more preferable. In this case, the exact and anatomical direction of the fragments is made, and their fixation by metal structures is reliable. This allows to activate the motor functions of the victims at an earlier time.
Consequences and complications in hip fracture
- With conservative treatment, a possible complication is a non-fracture. This is due to insufficient blood supply.
- The emergence of congestive pneumonia, the development of respiratory failure.
- The occurrence of decubitus due to prolonged stay in bed.
- The emergence of psycho-emotional disorders, depression.
- Severe complication is deep vein thrombosis of the legs.
The most effective way to reduce the likelihood of complications is to activate the patient.
LFK after a hip fracture
Therapeutic physical training is developed by the doctor taking into account the condition of the patient, his age. Since patients are in a recumbent position, they prescribe respiratory gymnastics to prevent congestive pneumonia. Fracture of the neck of the thigh also provides for the prevention of bedsores and muscle atrophy. The victim should perform gymnastics for the knee and ankle joint, actively stretch the quadriceps muscle of the hip.
Massage with a fracture of the neck of the thigh is included in the rehabilitation complex. It is usually appointed on the second day. Massage is carried out in the lumbar region, then massage the healthy leg, gradually adding a massage to the injured leg.
Diet in case of hip fracture
With such an injury, the patient may lose his appetite. It is necessary to encourage him to eat food, to change the diet. From food will depend on normal defecation. It is important to eat foods that contain a lot of fiber, dairy products. Reduce the consumption of meat. It is recommended to use bran and additives that promote peristalsis of the intestine.
Prevention of hip fracture
People with osteoporosis are the most susceptible to fracture. Therefore, in the first place, it is necessary to prevent this disease and its treatment.
Measures to prevent osteoporosis:
- regular physical exercises (fast walking, running, dancing, etc.);
- use of a sufficient amount of calcium and vitamin D;
- reduction of alcohol consumption, quitting.