Many gardeners are wondering how to grow peanuts on their own plot. The plant comes from South America, but the climate of the middle European strip is quite suitable for cultivation of exotic peanuts. To obtain a crop, it is necessary to purchase seed material and study agricultural techniques.
Peanuts - planting and growing at home
Ground peanuts are a one-year plant that is planted annually. He is considered to be a family of legumes, he has a real nut taste. Its fruits form in the skin on several pieces, grow under the ground. The lower pollinated flowers of the plant reach the soil and gradually fall completely into it, after which the beginning of the harvest begins. For peanuts, a simple way of growing in ordinary pots, located at home on the windowsill, is also quite suitable. You just need to put it in a light ground, provide enough light, protect from drafts.
How to plant peanuts at home?
Before planting peanuts at home, you must prepare a wide container (30-40 cm in diameter), so that later its shoots do not hang over the edges of the pot. The optimum time for sowing is mid-April. Rules of landing:
- seeds are better to buy in specialized stores, at night they are soaked in water, adding a drop of Epin . By morning, the nuts are opened and the spine is shown;
- substrate is prepared from humus and sand, taken in the same parts;
- plant seeds conveniently in peat tablets (this method will require further transplantation) or immediately to a permanent place;
- the container is filled with a wet substrate;
- Sprouted seed is planted in the middle to a depth of 2-2.5 cm;
- to create a warm microclimate, the pot is covered with cellophane and placed in a warm place;
- for germination, the hotbed is regularly ventilated.
Care for peanuts at home
For successful development of the plant, it is required to observe the agrotechnology for cultivating peanuts. How to grow peanuts at home in a pot:
- Watering. Moisten the seedlings regularly, avoiding the sputum of a coma.
- Spraying. On hot days the sprout is irrigated with water at room temperature in the morning and evening.
- Temperature regime. Optimum - + 20-27 ° С, conditions below + 15 ° С and above + 30 ° С destroy the fruit.
- Hilling. Conducted in late July to a height of 3 cm, then twice more in August at 1.5-2 cm.
When the height reaches 20 cm, the plant blooms (on day 40-45). In place of the orange petals appear ovaries, which burrow into the ground. Fruits are formed at a depth of 8-10 cm. Yellowed leaves become a signal to harvest. The plant is pulled out of the earth, laid out in the sun for drying. After 10-12 days, the nuts will begin to separate well from the shell. Each bush gives about fifty beans with 1-7 nuts inside the shell.
How to grow peanuts in the garden?
Before growing peanuts in the open, it is important to familiarize yourself with some of the features of its cultivation. To plant the walnut choose open areas with good ventilation and bright lighting. The best predecessors are potatoes, cucumbers, cabbage. After the legumes to grow a good harvest is difficult. The soil needs a loose, water-permeable, neutral. Peanuts grow when planting and grooming outdoors at a temperature of + 20 ° C. When it decreases, plant development stops, in this case it is advisable to cover the culture with a film.
How to plant the seedlings of peanuts in the country?
Seeds are preliminarily soaked in late April (they can be placed in a solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes), after 10 days sprouts appear on them. Then the beans are placed in the open ground. After germination the peanut will develop faster. This way will protect the bean from the bear, which often eats seeds in the ground. It is better to choose large numbers for sowing, small fruits can not ascend at all. How to plant peanuts in the garden:
- landing is carried out in the fossa of 10 cm depth with a distance of 50 cm between the specimens. It can be planted in rows with a distance of 30 cm or a chess method;
- To grow peanuts it is possible and squares 60х60 or 70х70 cm;
- The soil must be loose and fluffy, as the culture prefers soft land;
- For planting sprouted beans are used, the remains from the leaves can also be thrown into the hole - they will play the role of fertilizer for the roots;
- 3 seeds are placed in each fossa, because the weak can not ascend;
- after closing, the bed is irrigated with a weak pressure, so as not to wash the upper tier of the soil;
- seedlings grow over a month to a height of 25-75 cm.
Time to plant peanuts
Since peanuts can be grown only in a warm environment, the sowing is carried out after the soil temperature has warmed to + 15 ° C. This occurs in mid-May after the melting of melons. Frosts are harmful to peanuts, so before planting peanuts in the country in the open ground, you have to wait for the settled warm weather. You can put beans in glasses 3-4 cm in diameter in April, put on a sunny window-sill. Then the seedlings are moved to the open soil in early June.
Caring for peanuts in the open ground
Groundnut peanuts, when grown outdoors, need ordinary care - it requires watering, feeding, pest control. Young low shoots must be protected from weeds. Weeding rows are combined with loosening of the soil after it has been moistened. After the leaves of the plant turn yellow, and the seeds start to be easily removed from the beans, the time of harvest begins (the second half of September). First the bushes are excavated, they let the fruits dry out. The crop is harvested in the stage of unglazed beans in tissue bags in a dry room at + 8-10 ° C. From one bush gather up to 0.5 kg of nuts.
Features of growing peanuts in the open ground
The peanut has an interesting feature - it blooms one day. Sometimes this process passes almost imperceptibly for truck farmers. Early in the morning in June buds blossom, and in the evening they are already fading - during this time they manage to pollinate. After 1.5-2 months after flowering, the ovaries descend into the soil, grow into the depths, where the formation of the fruits of the culture will take place.
Growing peanuts in the garden is accompanied by mandatory hilling. 10 days after flowering, the ovaries are sprinkled with a damp, loose soil for 5-7 cm (like potatoes), so that the nutrient medium reaches the cotyledon. Typically, to grow peanuts will help two more hills with a break of 10 days, with which the stem of the plant is gradually covered. The procedure is recommended after watering or rain.
Conditions for growing peanuts - soil
It is important for gardeners to know where peanuts are grown. The site should be open without a hint of a shadow from the fences, buildings, trees. Primer for peanuts need wet, light, with a high percentage of humus, calcium and magnesium - chernozem or sandy loam. Salted soils do not tolerate culture, and acid must be limed before planting. Before growing peanuts, the site is prepared: in the autumn digging to a depth of 30 cm in the ground add 1-3 kg of humus to 1 m 2 of the area. In spring, the place for planting is again shallow loosened with an additive for each m 2 to 50 grams of nitrophosphate .
How to plant peanuts correctly - features of watering
Ground nut prefers wet, not wet soil. Excessive watering can lead to decay of the fruit. How to grow an earthen peanut in the country - irrigation:
- Humidify the crop if the upper tier of the soil dries up - about once a day;
- at the flowering stage, the sprouts are watered abundantly - in the mornings one or two times a week;
- water for the procedure should not be cold - it should be slightly heated in the sun;
- After the formation of the ovary instead of watering, it is recommended to spray every other day in the evening;
- after each moistening the soil is loosened so that it is enriched with oxygen;
- if in the area there are regular rains, watering can be missed;
- a month before harvest, the moistening is stopped. If the plant is strongly watered in September, the fruits will rip longer.
Cultivation of peanuts - top dressing
Ground nut is fed twice a season. Fertilizers are good for growth and yield. The plant reacts favorably to potassium and phosphorus. How to grow peanuts in the country - fertilizers:
- the initial makeup is made after the foliage reaches 10 cm in height - the bush feeds 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 45 g of potassium salt, 70 g of superphosphate per 10 liters of water;
- the second time the fertilization is repeated at the stage of fruiting.
How to grow peanuts - diseases and pests?
Like all legumes, the nut is affected by disease and is attacked by pests. How to grow a peanut nut in a dacha - fight against parasites:
- Peanuts are annoyed by aphids, caterpillars. They harm foliage, spoil the flowering process. To get rid of parasites it is possible, having sprinkled a ridge with a wood ashes or a dust of tobacco.
- From thrips, the plant is sprayed with insecticides .
- It is dangerous, if the nut begin to eat off wireworms - they live in the ground and gnaw fruit even in the peel. For their destruction, pit-traps are made into which particles of potatoes, beets or carrots are placed. The wells are covered with planks, metal, and after a while the larvae crawling to crawl come crawling.
- Even in the garden with peanuts, it is recommended to install a scarecrow to scare off the birds, which can damage all the fruits.
How to grow quality peanuts - diseases:
- Powdery mildew. The disease looks like speckles on both sides of the leaves. With the defeat of fungicides - Topaz, Bravo, Quadrice.
- Phallosticosis or leaf spot. Recognized by brown clearings up to 6 mm in diameter, which progress with high humidity. Fungicides of a wide spectrum of action are effective in fighting the disease.
- Gray rot. Appears after flowering in the form of rusty spots, passing from the leaves to the stems. The affected bushes do not ripen fruits. Growing a healthy bush will help the observance of agricultural technology, the development of culture, maintaining a crop rotation, timely recharge.