Pigmented spots are flat round or oval areas of different size, differing from the rest of the skin surface with a darker color - from light gray and yellowish to dark brown. Most often they are localized in the open areas of the body, namely, on the face, which is very upsetting women. At the same pigmentation can appear at any age, but the most susceptible to the appearance of such a cosmetic defect of a woman in the period of menopause , the elderly, pregnant and lactating.
The formation of pigment spots is associated with a complex biological process, in which the production of melanin in the skin increases and its accumulation takes place. It can happen due to various factors, both external and internal. And before you get rid of excessive pigmentation, you should find out the main reason for its appearance.
The main causes of the appearance of age spots on the face of women
The effect of solar radiation is the main reason why in the summer on the face there are pigmented spots, t. ultraviolet activates the production of melanin. A special risk is a long insolation in the period of increased activity of the sun, as well as sunbathing for light-skinned women. But sometimes ultraviolet rays are not the only cause of the appearance of pigmented spots, but only provoke their appearance against the background of other causative factors.
The second most frequent group of factors is diseases:
- gastrointestinal tract;
- liver;
- kidney;
- gallbladder;
- female reproductive system.
With these pathologies, skin pigmentation disorders are often observed, so the appearance of a pigmented spot can serve as a signal for a hidden disease.
Other causes of the appearance of age spots on the face
Diseases of the endocrine system can also be accompanied by the appearance of dark spots on the skin. Most often this happens because:
- pituitary insufficiency;
- Graves disease ;
- tumors of the pituitary gland.
Violations of the hormonal background - in pregnancy, menopause, during adolescence, with hormonal treatment. The fluctuations in the level of hormones in the body can influence the processes of melanin production and its distribution in the skin.
Also on the development of hyperpigmentation affect:
- Inflammations (allergic rash, acne) and violation of the integrity of the skin (cuts, burns, unsuccessful peeling) also lead to the formation of areas of increased pigmentation. This is due to the activation of melanin production as a protective skin reaction.
- The use of cosmetic and medicinal products containing photosensitive chemicals, causes an increased sensitivity of the skin to UV rays, which ultimately can lead to hyperpigmentation. These substances include retinoic acid, lime oil, bergamot oil, synthetic fragrances, antibiotics, certain diuretics, antihistamines, etc.
- Chronic stress, nervous disorders are possible causes of the formation of pigmented spots.
- The lack of vitamins in the body, which violates metabolic processes. In particular, pigmentation can result from a lack of vitamin C.
Treatment of age spots
As already mentioned, the treatment of pigment spots should be carried out after finding out the reasons for their formation. This may require consultation of various specialists: dermatologist, therapist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, gynecologist. If a disease is identified that can serve as a possible provoking factor, then, first of all, measures are taken on its
- chemical peeling;
- dermabrasion;
- laser therapy;
- phototherapy;
- mesotherapy and others.
At home, the use of special bleaching agents.