The rights of the child are all about the rights of children

It is difficult for the residents of the prosperous 21st century to believe that a century ago there was no document fixing the rights of the child. Kids and teenagers completely belonged to their parents and only they decided how their life would turn out: where they would live, whether they would get an education and when they would start working.

Rights of Minor Children

Regardless of immaturity (psychological and physical), the minor does not differ much from the adult with regard to the available rights: he must have a first and last name, receive education, medical care and care. The most important rights of the child give him the opportunity to grow a harmonious person, regardless of the social and financial status of parents, race and place of residence.

Civil rights of the child

The rights of the child-citizen-citizen begin their action from the first second of life. With the first sigh the baby becomes a citizen of the state, and in some countries for this purpose the fact of birth on its territory suffices, and in others it is necessary that the citizenship be had by one of the parents. So, what are the rights of a newly-made citizen:

Addressed. At the same time, when the adolescent reaches adolescence, the minor is given the opportunity to change the name (surname) at his own discretion, which until the age of 14 is realized by his parents (representatives).
On life, personal integrity and freedom. No one (including parents) has the right to cause harm to a minor, to conduct illegal medical manipulations with him, to deprive him of his liberty, etc.
On the unhindered expression of one's own opinion, which is taken into account taking into account age. Consent to any changes in life (adoption, change of name, residence with mother or father) begin to ask after the 10th anniversary. From the age of 14 the adolescent has the opportunity to independently apply to the court and human rights organizations.
On freedom of choice of religion.
For care and maintenance. If a minor is forced to live outside the family, he or she must be guarded or state agents.
To care and provide needs.
On education and visits to various institutions.
On protection from violence and involvement in the reception of drugs.

Political rights of the child

It would be a mistake to think that because of a tender age, political rights are not needed for kiddies. But this is not so. Each child has the right to be in various children's (from 8 years old) and youth (from 14 years) public organizations, focused on the organization of leisure, the development of creative and sports abilities. The state (at various levels) should in every way promote the activities of such organizations, organizing advertising campaigns, giving them tax breaks and municipal facilities for use, encouraging the involvement of sponsors and patrons to improve the material base.

Economic Rights of the Child

Regardless of the place of birth, nationality and color of the child, the child has the right to be protected from overwork - the minimum age for admission to employment, special conditions of work and payment are fixed by legislative acts. In addition, under-age citizens are subject to social protection, that is, they are entitled to benefits, rehabilitation, etc. They also have a legitimate opportunity to make small-scale household transactions. Teenagers (from the age of 14) receive the opportunity to freely use their finances: gifts, scholarships.

Social rights of the child

The main task of adults is to create conditions in which children can grow up healthy and fully developed. In terms defined by laws, parents or legal representatives should realize the child's right to education, that is, to give it to a kindergarten, school or to organize home schooling that is suitable for them. In addition to school and garden, you can practice in circles and sections, attend sports, art and music schools. At the same time, the administration of the main place of study is not competent to prevent further education.

Rights of the child in the family

The first years of the baby's life completely depends on the parents or those people who replace them. Let us consider in more detail what rights a child has in the family:

Personal non-property:

on information about parents - the child's right to get acquainted with blood parents is especially important in case of adoption or deprivation of the last parental rights;
for living and unhindered communication with relatives - without significant reasons stipulated in the laws, no one can take the kid from his parents or forbid them to communicate with them, the same law applies to other relatives;
to receive care from both parents - both the father and mother are obliged to educate their child and provide him with all-round development.

Property - means obtaining from parents (guardians) the material content necessary for life and development: living space, clothing, footwear, food, etc. In addition, a minor may own property or money received by inheritance or as a gift. They can do this fully only from the moment of majority, and up to this time the task of representing their interests falls on the shoulders of parents (guardians).

The rights of the child in society

From a certain age, the child becomes a full participant in public life - goes to a kindergarten, and then to school. And if until recently any actions of educators or teachers were considered to be part of the educational method, now there is a tendency to protect the child's right to psychological comfort in society:

Rights of the child in kindergarten:

security, inviolability and respect for the individual - educators do not have the right to shout at the baby, educate him by force, to coerce or insult anything.
on the development of abilities - educators should conduct classes in the development of speech, creative and physical abilities.
for medical care - if necessary, the foster child must receive medical care.

At school:

for training on general or individual plans;
for using the library and dining room;
for comfortable and safe training conditions - the premises of the school must comply with sanitary norms and do not carry a danger to health;
to attend additional classes (both paid and free);
to the aid of a psychologist and a teacher;
for medical assistance.

On the street:

to freedom of movement;
on security;
for the use of children's playgrounds, parks, etc.

Child Rights Protection

Until the age of fourteen, people are neither physically nor psychologically able to defend their interests. Protection of the rights of minors is placed on the shoulders of parents (guardians), who apply with appropriate applications to the court and the prosecutor's office. In cases where minors need protection from their own parents (beatings, ill-treatment, violence or non-fulfillment of parental responsibilities), all activities are carried out by the guardianship and trusteeship bodies.

Documents on the rights of the child

The issue of protecting children from various kinds of violence was very acute in 1924. Then the Declaration of the rights of the child was created, which became the basis for the International Convention, signed in 1989. Why is the issue of the rights of the child proclaimed in a separate document? The answer is obvious. Because he is weaker than adults, he can not protect himself and is the first to be hit in the event of military cataclysms and economic crises.

Public organizations for the protection of children's rights

To ensure that the norms and paragraphs of the Convention on the rights of the child do not remain just lines on paper, strict control is exercised in every country that signed it. What organization protects the rights of children? The main burden falls on the Commissioner for the Protection of the Rights of the Child or the Ombudsman. In addition, there are many public organizations that help difficult adolescents, abandoned children and single mothers.