Adenosis of the mammary gland is a disorder in which a differentiated increase of the glandular breast lobes directly occurs. The disease is benign in nature. In this case, according to the classification, it can refer to mastopathy of the fibrous-cystic form, in which glandular tissue predominates.
Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland
The main reason for the development of this form of the disease is the disruption of the hormonal system. It begins when there is an imbalance in the production of estrogen and progesterone in the body of a woman. In addition, the disease can be triggered by a violation of the thyroid gland, - hypothyroidism.
This form of adenosis affects only lobules of the gland. The following manifestations are noted:
- proliferation of breast tissue (proliferation);
- preservation of epithelial and myoepithelial leaving acini (segments of lobules);
- Stascture of the acini in view of pathological proliferation of surrounding tissues.
In this case, the woman herself notes:
- the appearance of small nodules;
- mobility of seals;
- increased axillary lymph nodes.
- the appearance of a feeling of bursting in the chest, fullness.
What is characterized by diffuse adenosis of the breast?
This form has a number of specific symptoms that allow one to determine it. These include:
- the presence of seals in the mammary gland is fuzzy, without borders;
- uniform growth of the tumor across the entire area;
- increase in the boundaries of the lesion in the process of disease progression.
As a result of such changes, there is a high probability of damage not only to the tissues of the gland itself, but also its ducts. As a result, the formation of papillomas, - formation in the form of papillae, which protrude above the surface of the tissue lining the ducts of the gland.
How is focal adenosis of the mammary gland manifested?
This form of violation occurs quite often. The following changes in the breast itself are noted:
- enlargement of predominantly one gland, development of asymmetry;
- the presence of seals in breast tissue having a single or multiple character;
- formation surrounds several ducts of the gland simultaneously.
With this type of breach in the chest, there are seals that are mobile. At the same time, their boundaries are clearly delineated.
What are the manifestations of local adenosis of the breast?
This form of the disease is characterized by the following changes, which are noted in the examination of the breast:
- formation of seals with lobed structure;
- the size of the lobules is sufficiently large;
- Each lobe is surrounded by a capsule of fibrous origin.
When conducting a color ultrasound study, the doctor on the monitor can mark myoepithelial cells that have a yellow color. The grouping of the formations takes place in a certain area of the tissue, affecting only a small part, not extending to the entire breast.
Separately it is necessary to say about fibrotic adenosis of the mammary gland. With such a violation, the myoepithelial cells located in the terminal sections of the gland are displaced directly into the connective tissue. There is compression of the smooth muscle components of the gland.
What is dangerous adenosis?
The disease for a long time may not give a clinical picture. In this lies its danger, because is often diagnosed at later stages.
Adenosis of the mammary glands can lead to the development of:
- inflammatory diseases of the breast: mastodynia, mastitis;
- tumor-like processes: cancer, cyst;
- change the shape of the gland.
What are the basics of treatment for mammary adenosis?
Therapy of the disease depends entirely on the type of disorder, its stage, the severity of the symptoms. In most cases, the basis is hormonal therapy:
- Lyndyneth 30;
- Norkolut;
- Pregnin.
Dosage, the frequency of reception is prescribed by a doctor. The duration of such treatment is 3-6 months.
The focal form of adenosis is treated exclusively surgically. It consists in excising the existing pathological nodes.