Every year, the number of patients who are diagnosed with stenosis is increasing-narrowing of arterial lumens due to adherence to the walls of vessels of atherosclerotic plaques. Developed as a result of a violation of the blood supply leads to weakening and damage to the heart muscle, down to the necrosis of certain parts of the heart - myocardial infarction . Many have heard of such an operation as coronary artery bypass grafting, but not all have an idea for what purpose this surgical intervention is being conducted.
What is coronary bypass surgery?
As an operation, coronary bypass surgery is aimed at creating new bypasses (shunts) with the help of healthy vessels connected to the coronary arteries. The main goal of aortocoronary shunting is to restore blood circulation after a heart attack or prevent a heart attack. The transplant is, most often, the subcutaneous femoral vein, the shin vein or the thoracic artery of the patient itself.
Coronary artery bypass grafting is performed in both single and multiple arterial lesions.
Carrying out of operation on coronary shunting
In preparation for the operation, a number of tests are assigned:
- X-ray;
- electrocardiogram ;
- Coronary angiogram for locating locks in vessels and their degree of severity.
Surgical intervention is performed under general anesthesia, while the patient is in a state of sleep. Heart for the period of operation is stopped, and the function of the heart and lungs is performed by the apparatus of artificial circulation. Usually, the procedure of coronary shunting takes about 5 hours.
Upon completion of the operation, the patient is placed in the intensive care unit or intensive care unit, where he is connected to devices that control vital functions and monitor vital signs.
Rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass grafting
After coronary artery bypass surgery, it is necessary to maintain a lifestyle recommended by a specialist and take prescribed medications. So, being in a hospital, you should:
- Perform breathing exercises to reduce the amount of fluid in the lungs, for example, inflate the balloon or simply do 15 to 20 deep breaths every hour.
- After removing the stimulating and breathing tubes, you must walk by all means.
Upon returning home, it is recommended:
- Perform a set of specific physical exercises.
- Do not smoke or drink alcohol.
- Watch the weight.
- Avoid significant physical strain.
Although, as a rule, a patient is prescribed to work a month or two after the operation, the healing of the bone of the sternum takes a much longer time: up to six months. To force the process, it is desirable to wear a special chest bandage, and to prevent venous stasis, it is recommended to walk in a medical elastic stockings.
An important factor in the rehabilitation process after coronary bypass surgery is diet. When choosing a food ration, you should:
- Give preference to fruits, vegetables, sour-milk products, low-fat fish, poultry.
- Renounce fatty, salty, excessively sweet food.
To prevent the development of anemia, it is mandatory to include in the diet products containing iron. This micronutrient is present in significant quantities in the following products:
- by-products (liver, kidneys, lungs);
- seafood;
- beans (lentils, beans, peas);
- vegetables (spinach, carrots, cauliflower, beetroot);
- fruit (apples, peaches, apricots, bananas);
- berries (raspberry, blueberries, strawberries);
- nuts.