Columns , arches, castle stones, moldings, pilasters, cornices, architraves, capitals, bas-reliefs , decorative covers for windows and doors - this is far from an incomplete list of architectural details used in modern construction. Their purpose is mainly decorative, but they also carry out some practical functions: they create additional protection for the house from heat and cold, serve as additional support for the building, close joints and gaps in the junction of walls and other structural elements.
At present, decorative facade elements are made of various materials: stone, ceramics, gypsum, concrete, polyurethane, expanded polystyrene, foam. Each of these materials has both disadvantages and advantages.
Decorative facade elements made of gypsum and concrete
Constructions made of gypsum or concrete, as a rule, are more durable and durable, look more presentable and solid, but they also have a number of drawbacks: they are quite heavy and give an additional load on the foundation and walls, and this must be taken into account when designing the house ; such elements are more difficult to manufacture and install; their cost, as a rule, is quite high; they are sensitive to excessive humidity and temperature changes.
Ceramic decorative facade elements
Ceramic decorative facade elements have a lower weight, compared with plaster and concrete, strong enough, look beautiful, natural and presentable. Significant advantages of such products are their thermal insulation properties, resistance to weathering, durability, strength.
Decorative facade elements made of polyurethane, expanded polystyrene and foam plastic
Decorative facade elements made of polyurethane, expanded polystyrene and expanded polystyrene are more accessible and convenient. These materials make it possible to manufacture elements of almost any shape, they are sufficiently durable, light and easy to install, and in case of damage they are easy to replace or restore. But they have less strength and are destroyed by the action of sunlight. The latter drawback is eliminated by special additives and decorative protective coating, but such treatment leads to a rise in the cost of products.
Nevertheless, the use of these materials in the design of the building makes it possible to change its design without any special effort and cost, to give it a more refined, finished look and individuality, which is especially important if the house is built according to a standard design.
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