Unfortunately, ectopic pregnancy is a fairly common phenomenon. It occurs in about one in two hundred women, and in the presence of chronic diseases of the sexual system of women, its probability grows to 1:80.
The reason for the development of such an abnormal pregnancy is that the fertilized egg is not attached to the uterine wall, but in the fallopian tube (in 98% of cases), to the ovary, cervix or in the abdominal cavity.
This is due to problems of the genitourinary system - existing inflammatory diseases, adhesions in the tubes, obstruction of the tubes, congenital defects of the fallopian tubes, benign tumors in them, fibroximetry of the uterus. Sometimes the cause is an incorrect peristalsis of the tubes, as a result of which the fetal egg either moves too slowly or too quickly through the tube.
Externally, the first few weeks of ectopic pregnancy develops as a normal pregnancy - there is a delay in menstruation, swells and becomes painful chest, there is a toxicosis. But over time, the embryo can no longer fit in the tube, and with its implantation, the uterine tube wall ruptures and the hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity.
This phenomenon is extremely dangerous for a woman's life, so an ectopic pregnancy requires immediate treatment. A woman must be urgently hospitalized. After the establishment of an accurate diagnosis, an urgent operation is performed with simultaneous application of means to combat shock and anemia.
Treatment of ectopic pregnancy consists, first of all, in stopping bleeding, restoration of disturbed hemodynamic parameters, rehabilitation of reproductive function.
An emergency operation is indicated for both interrupted and developing pregnancies. In the presence of hemorrhagic shock in a woman, she immediately undergo laparotomy.
Most often, in tubal pregnancy, remove the tube itself - perform a trumpet surgery. But sometimes it is possible to maintain the reproductive function with the help of conservative-plastic operations. Among them - extrusion of the fetal egg, pantotomy, removal of the segment of the uterine tube.
Complete removal of the tube is carried out in the case of repeated ectopic pregnancy, the presence of cicatricial changes in the fallopian tube, with the breaking of the fallopian tube or the diameter of the fetal egg more than 3 cm.
Another way to treat ectopic pregnancy is laparoscopy. He is the least traumatic for a woman and thus almost painless. The operation consists in making 3 punctures, after which the woman completely has the ability to procreate.
The application of such a method is possible only if the woman promptly turned to a doctor for advice, and he used ultrasound to determine that the pregnancy is ectopic. To do this, at the first pregnancy symptoms, make sure that it develops normally and the fetal egg is implanted in the uterus.
Recently, the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy has become increasingly used. The obligatory conditions are the small size of the fetal egg (up to 3 cm), the absence of palpitation in the embryo, no more than 50 ml of free fluid in the cavity of the small pelvis. When all these conditions are met, it is possible to treat ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate. 50 mg of the drug is administered intramuscularly, after which there is a positive effect on the termination of fetal development.
Rehabilitation after ectopic pregnancy
After treatment of an ectopic pregnancy, recovery time is required. The rehabilitation course includes a number of
To restore after an ectopic pregnancy, physiotherapy is used - electrophoresis, low frequency ultrasound, electrostimulation of the fallopian tubes, UHF, etc. All these procedures prevent adhesion processes.
It is worth discussing with the doctor methods of contraception, because in the next 6 months a new pregnancy is highly undesirable.