Encephalopathy is a brain damage caused by the death of nerve cells as a result of insufficient supply of oxygen and circulatory disorders. Hypertensive encephalopathy is a slowly progressive brain damage that occurs due to circulatory disorders in hypertension (it is hypertension, a constant increase in blood pressure).
Symptoms of hypertensive encephalopathy
In medicine, there are three stages of hypertensive encephalopathy. At the first stage, the symptoms are mostly subjective and, despite the patient's complaints, objective symptoms are not detected. At later stages, there are clinically pronounced neurological symptoms.
At the initial stage of the patient may be disturbed:
- dizziness;
- noise in the ears ;
- headaches that are not controlled by analgesics;
- violation of attention;
- increased fatigue.
With hypertensive encephalopathy of the second and third stages, there are:
- vestibulomozhechkovy syndrome (dizziness, staggering, imbalance in walking);
- pseudobulbar syndrome (speech fuzziness, uncontrolled laughter and crying, coughing when swallowing);
- extrapyramidal syndrome (slowness of movements, muscle tone disorder, trembling of the head, fingers);
- vascular dementia (memory impairment, ability to concentrate, emotional sphere).
There is also the term acute hypertensive encephalopathy - a phenomenon observed in hypertensive crisis. At it are observed:
- acute headache;
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- various visual impairments;
- possible epileptic seizures.
Treatment of hypertensive encephalopathy
Treatment of the disease includes a set of measures aimed at improving the overall condition of the patient, preventing further deterioration and rehabilitation of the patient:
- Regular intake of drugs to normalize blood pressure.
- If possible, the elimination of factors,
which can cause deterioration of the condition (refusal of alcohol, smoking, cholesterol-free diet). - Reception of drugs to improve blood supply to the brain and the metabolism of nervous tissue. Complex effects (Oxibral, Mexidol , etc.), as well as various nootropics, are used.
- Treatment of concomitant diseases and metabolic disorders.
- Admission of drugs aimed at improving the overall condition of the patient (vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and lipid complexes).