Kidney stones - causes of formation

With such a disease as urolithiasis, you can face at almost any age. The reasons for the formation of kidney stones are quite numerous. Often, the development of the disease is due to the presence of several factors at once, which only complicates the diagnostic process. We will consider the disease in more detail and we will dwell on the most frequently encountered factors that cause the formation of calculi in the kidneys.

What types of stones are accepted?

Before considering the causes of the appearance in the kidney stones, you need to name their main varieties. After all, the therapeutic process of such a violation and the choice of treatment tactics depend on this factor.

Thus, depending on the composition, oxalate, phosphate, urate, cystine, carbonate, cholesterol, xanthine stones are isolated. Most often, the first 3 types of stones are diagnosed.

Oxalates in their composition contain salts of oxalic acid. They have a dense structure and are painted in black and gray. Their surface is uneven, has thorns. They are formed in both acidic and alkaline urine reactions.

Phosphate stones consist of salts of calcium and phosphoric acid. Their consistency is rather mild, crumbling. The surface is almost always smooth, rarely slightly rough. Color whitish gray. Formed in an alkaline environment of urine, increase rapidly enough in size.

Uranium stones are formed from salts of uric acid. They have a fairly dense structure, coloring - from light yellow to brick red. The surface is almost always smooth, can have small dots.

It is worth noting that in some cases, for some unknown reason, the formation of stones in the kidney stones mixed, which greatly complicates the treatment of violations and choice of drugs.

What causes the formation of stones in the urinary system?

Perhaps the main cause of kidney stones is a violation of the course of metabolic processes in the body. At the heart of the mechanism of formation of stones is the processes of crystallization of salts, which do not completely dissolve in the urine and remain in the urinary system. It is worth noting that the violation of mineral metabolism can be caused genetically.

However, the acquired disturbances in the process of salt exchange in the body can be caused by both external and internal factors.

So, among exogenous reasons, first of all it is necessary to name the peculiarities of climatic conditions of residence, as well as the drinking regime, the food ration. As is known, in places with a hot climate, as a result of dehydration of the body, the concentration of salts in the urine increases significantly, which promotes the formation of concretes.

Also among the exogenous factors, it is necessary to call vitamin deficiency, in particular the lack of vitamins A and D. This is often noted in the inhabitants of the northern regions, who also receive less ultraviolet, and their food is rich in protein. These features also contribute to stone formation.

Among internal, endogenous factors, it is first of all necessary to call hyperfunction of the parathyroid gland, - hyperparathyroidism. As a result of this disorder, the concentration of phosphates in the urine increases, which is accompanied by the release of calcium from bone tissue. It is this disease is the main of the possible causes of the formation of phosphate stones in the kidneys.

Also, among the reasons for the formation of kidney stones, both oxalate and urate, it is necessary to isolate gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, colitis. As a result of such violations, the acid-base balance breaks down.

Separately, among the possible reasons for the formation of kidney stones, it is necessary to identify psychological factors. Doctors have found that often a severe life shock or constant stressful situations lead to a violation of metabolic processes and are the trigger mechanism for the formation of concrements.