In the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity and on the human skin, there is a bacterial microflora, which consists of a huge number of species of microbes. One of the conditionally pathogenic microorganisms belonging to a normal microscopic flora is Klebsiella pneumonia (Klebsiella pneumoniae). Despite the name, this proteobacteria provokes not only dangerous respiratory diseases, but also other inflammatory processes.
How is Klebsiella pneumonia transmitted?
The source of infection is a person whose body progresses with a klebsiellosis infection. Infection occurs in several ways:
- non-compliance with personal hygiene standards;
- dirty vegetables, fruits;
- during coughing and sneezing.
Causes of reproduction of Klebsiella pneumonia
People with impaired functioning of the immune system are most susceptible to the disease. They can be caused by:
- congenital immunodeficiencies;
- diabetes mellitus;
- exacerbation of chronic diseases;
- pathologies of hematopoiesis;
- oncological tumors;
- age-related immunodeficiency;
- changes in the intestinal and mucous microflora.
In addition, infection often occurs after transplantation of organs and tissues due to an inadequate (aggressive) immune response of the body.
Symptoms of Klebsiella pneumonia progression
During the life cycle described bacteria release three types of toxic substances:
- membronotoxin (has hemolytic activity, damages healthy cells);
- endotoxin (formed at the end of the life of the microorganism, during decomposition);
- thermostable enterotoxin (affects the epithelium lining the intestinal surface of the intestine, provokes the filling of its lumen with liquid).
Because of this, the pathology caused by the Klebsiella pneumonia bacterium has a variety of clinical manifestations depending on the infected system.
In the case of Klebsiella pneumonia, the following symptoms are observed:
- fever, the temperature rises to 39 degrees;
- sweating;
- intoxication;
- chills;
- lethargy and weakness;
- shortness of breath ;
- bad breath;
- dry (in the initial stages) and moist cough, with the discharge of a thick fetid sputum, permeated with blood veins.
During the diagnosis, wheezing in the lungs, a decrease in the intensity of their filling, percussion sound during rattling are noted.
Often Klebsiella pneumonia is found in the urine, causing inflammatory processes such as cystitis, pyelonephritis in acute and chronic form. In this case, the symptoms are no different from the lesions of other bacteria:
- pain or burning at the end of urination;
- increase in body temperature to subfebrile;
- heaviness in the side, near the kidneys and waist;
- feeling of thirst.
When infection of the upper respiratory tract, there are such signs:
- granulomas on the mucous membranes of the nose and nasopharynx;
- severe sinus congestion;
- secretion of purulent contents from the nose with an unpleasant odor;
- crust formation inside;
- high temperature, about 38 degrees;
- atrophy of the mucous membranes of the trachea and nose.
The defeat of the digestive tract is characterized by:
- pain in the zone of the stomach;
- nausea;
- heartburn;
- deterioration of appetite;
- general weakness;
- cramping attacks in the intestine;
- liquid loose stool with unusual impurities (mucus, pus or blood).
Treatment of bacterial infection Klebsiella pneumonia
In therapy, 3 types of drugs are used:
- antibiotic agents;
- probiotics (Enterol) due to the content of a special type of fungi that have antimicrobial activity against the bacterium under consideration;
- bacteriophage.
The most effective treatment of Klebsiella pneumonia infection with antibiotics, especially:
- aminoglycosides;
- cephalosporins (older generations);
- semisynthetic penicillin;
- tetracyclines.