In recent years, the number of women with breast cancer has been increasing all over the world. From this disease is very high mortality. Therefore, it is important that there are effective ways to fight the tumor, without side effects. For a long time, the only method of getting rid of breast cancer was radical mastectomy, which involved the complete removal of the breast and surrounding subcutaneous tissue, as well as the adjacent lymph nodes, as possible places of occurrence of metastases. For women, this was a very terrible and crippling operation, often preventing her from continuing to live a normal life.
But with the development of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it became possible to identify the disease at an early stage and choose a more gentle method of treatment. Although still the most common method of fighting cancer is mastectomy - what it is, many women already know. This operation was not so traumatic for women, and patients had the opportunity to remove only the mammary gland, retaining the pectoral muscles and lymph nodes. Depending on this, several types of surgical treatment of breast cancer are now highlighted.
Mastectomy for Madden
This is the easiest and sparing way to remove the breast. In this case, the pectoral muscles and axillary lymph nodes remain. This method of treatment is becoming more common, because modern methods of diagnosis can reveal the development of cancer at the initial stage. In addition, such a simple mastectomy is carried out for the purpose of prevention. It is recommended for women in the risk zone. The effectiveness of preventive mastectomy is not inferior to radical mastectomy, but it is more sparing, because the preservation of pectoral muscles allows a woman to lead the same lifestyle as before the procedure. But this method of treatment is only shown to patients at an early stage.
Mastectomy by Patty
It implies removal of not only the mammary gland, but also the small pectoral muscle. The large pectoral muscle and most of the fiber remain in place. This is supplemented by lymphadenectomy - removal of axillary lymph nodes. In the early stages of cancer, it is possible to use the innovation. In this case, not all lymph nodes are excised, but only one, which can be metastasized more than all. It is examined, and if no lesions are detected, the remaining nodes are not touched.
Mastectomy according to Halstead
This operation involves the complete removal of the breast, adjacent fiber, axillary lymph nodes and pectoral muscles. Recently, it is rarely performed, as it causes many complications and leads to deformation of the chest and to impaired mobility of the hand.
Double mastectomy
It involves the removal of both mammary glands. It is believed that if a woman has a cancer tumor, it is very likely that it will occur on another mammary gland. In addition, many women choose this kind of mastectomy for aesthetic reasons, to make it easier to perform a plastic surgery.
Subcutaneous mastectomy
In some cases, this type of operation is possible. This facilitates the further reconstruction of the breast, because the skin is removed only in the region of the nipple and incision. But it is necessary to do this only after histological studies. Because this type of surgery is possible in the event that the metastases have not passed to the skin.
If a woman is informed of the risk of breast cancer and is engaged in its prevention, and also regularly visits a doctor, she is not threatened with complete removal of the breast. The type of operation can be chosen depending on the stage at which the disease is located.