Ovaries are female paired sex glands forming ovules and sex hormones (progesterone and estrogen). They are most susceptible to the formation of tumors - volumetric neoplasms in the tissues of the ovary, in most cases benign.
The main early signs of neoplasm are pain, urination disorder, abdominal enlargement, fossilization. At a late stage, the state of health worsens, the temperature rises, swelling of the intestine and weight loss occur.
Classification of ovarian tumors
Tumors in the ovary in women, formed by these or other cells, receive the same name.
Epithelial tumors
Such tumors are formed from the epithelium of the ovary:
1. The serous tumor is lined with a cylindrical and cubic epithelium, the cells of which secrete the protein. Forming cysts, ovarian tumors are divided into benign (serous adenocystoma without polymorphism, mitotic activity) and malignant (serous cystic adenocarcinoma, whose nuclei are atypical, polymorphism is expressed).
2. Mucinous neoplasm , forming cysts, the epithelium of which secrete mucus. Distinguish mucinous:
- adenocyst ;
- cystic adenocarcinoma ;
- borderline ovarian tumor ;
- cystadenoma (non-polymorphic cells);
- cystic adenocarcinoma .
3. The endometrioid tumor has large dimensions, forms a mass of weakly secretory glands of an atypical form.
4. The Brenner tumor is a collection of tumor cells surrounded by a fibrotic stroma.
5. Ovarian cancer .
Ovarian stromal tumors
Malignant :
- a granulose- cell tumor is formed from the mesenchyme of the ovary cortex (from stem cells), can secrete estrogens;
- granular cell carcinoma (benign and malignant in a low degree) ovarian tumor occurs in pre- and post-menstrual periods, the period of menopause, accompanied by bleeding;
- tumors formed by Sertoli-Leydig cells .
Benign :
- fibroma ;
- tekoma is a kind of benign tumor that secretes estrogens and contains accumulations of long cells containing fats;
- androblastoma is formed from the mesenchyme, is able to secrete androgens. Appears in the form of atrophy of the breast, uterus, hirsutism, rashes on the face, coarsening of the hair, hypertrophy of the clitoris.
Germinogenic swelling of the ovaries
1. Dysherminoma - a type of tumor that affects women up to the age of 30, is effectively removed surgically.
2. Teratoma is formed from germ cells, surgically removed followed by chemotherapy:
4. Choriocarcinoma affects the placenta during pregnancy.
5. Tumor of the endodermal sinus affects the ovaries at a young age.
Methods of treatment of tumor formations
To diagnose neoplasms of the ovaries, ultrasound, blood test, CT, biopsy, PET with isotope scanning, laparoscopy are used. To effectively treat non-cancer education, surgical intervention is used, during which the ovary is partially or completely amputated.