General hypoplasia of speech (abbreviated as OHR) is a speech disorder in which children with normal hearing and intellect have a disruption in the formation of all components of the speech system: phonetics, vocabulary and grammar.
The causes of OHP
- various infections during pregnancy;
- early or, conversely, late toxicosis in pregnancy ;
- incompatibility of the Rh factor and the blood group of the child and mother;
- birth trauma or pathology during labor;
- various diseases of the central nervous system;
- trauma of the brain in the first years of the child's life.
Characteristics of children with OHP
Despite the different causes of defects, children with OHR have typical manifestations: the first words appear closer to 3-4 years, the speech is obscure, grammatical, not phonetically enough, in addition, the child understands the speech of others, but can not formulate his thoughts. Children with acute respiratory distresses are characterized by inadequate attention, as well as a decrease in verbal memory. In general, having full-fledged abilities to develop mental operations appropriate to age, children with OHR experience a lag in the development of logical thinking. Among other things, children noticeably lag behind in the development of the motor sphere.
There are four levels of OHP
- 1 level - children are completely absent speech, their vocabulary consists of "babbling" words, onomatopoeia, facial expressions and gestures;
- Level 2 - distorted, however understandable common words are added to the "babbling" expressions. At the same time, the syllabic structure is noticeably broken in children, and the pronunciation possibilities lag behind the age norm;
- Level 3 - there is already an expanded speech, the child can pronounce whole phrases, but there are violations of phonetic-phonemic and lexical-grammatical nature. Free communication with others is difficult, children can come into contact only in the presence of close people who make explanations in their speech;
- 4 level - there is no violation of sound reproduction, but at the same time children do not have a distinct diction, they are often confused
places of syllables and sounds. Not first glance, these shortcomings seem insignificant, but in the end make it difficult for the child to learn reading and writing.
Treatment of OHP
One of the components of the complex treatment of OHR is systematic training with a speech therapist. Also, a speech therapy massage is provided, which helps to normalize the speech muscles to improve the sound quality. In addition, to activate the speech zones of the brain and improve blood supply, microcurrent reflexotherapy and medication with nootropics are used.