In a healthy human eye, the choroid and the reticular covering of the eye closely adjoin. Retinal detachment of the eye is characterized by their separation from each other, which leads to a severe impairment of visual functions and even blindness.
Retinal detachment - causes
The main factor provoking the delamination of the shells is the rupture of the mesh coating. While the retina remains sealed and holistic, it can not move. After damage from the vitreous body penetrates the fluid, which gradually erodes the area of contact between the mesh and the vascular membrane.
Another reason is considered to be traction, a change in the normal state and functioning of the vitreous. Many eye diseases lead to the fact that it changes in structure, turning from a transparent jelly-like substance into a cloudy jelly with dense fibers - strands. During visual activity, these formations stretch the reticular membrane, provoking the appearance of damage on it.
In addition, the following causes of retinal detachment are noted:
- thinning (dystrophy) of the membrane;
- diabetic retinopathy ;
- tumors under the retina;
- accumulation of fluid;
- trauma to the eye;
- myopia.
Symptoms and signs of retinal detachment
Clinical manifestations of ophthalmologic pathology:
- the appearance of sparks, flashes, divorces, similar to lightning, before your eyes, often after blinking;
- a veil on one or both eyes;
- loss of sight from small areas;
- distortion of small objects, letters, lines;
- temporary visual improvement after waking up;
- inflammatory processes in the eyes;
- cataract ;
- loss of vision (in neglected form);
- loss of lateral vision;
- pain in the eyes when reading or viewing details.
Retinal detachment - treatment
Drug therapy is not subject to the disease, because during the progression of the process, sticks and cones are gradually killed - nerve cells that provide visual acuity. The longer detachment occurs, the less likely it is to restore the normal functions of the organ.
Thus, the only way to treat the problem described is surgical intervention.
Retinal detachment - operation and postoperative period
The essence of the procedure is to detect ruptures of the mesh shell and restore its integrity. For this, a weak inflammatory process is artificially provoked around the lesion by stimulating the retina with a laser beam or cold (cryopexy), after which the tissue becomes scarred.
In order to prevent relapse and improve the tightness of the mesh casing to the receptacles, the silicone seal is hemmed. It squeezes the wall of the eye, which provides a dense contact with the retina.
Depending on the degree of exfoliation, ophthalmologists use the following types of operations:
- local sealing;
- vitrectomy;
- circular sealing;
- laser coagulation.
In severe forms of the disease or complete separation of the retina from the choroid, a combination of the above methods or a repeated surgical
Rehabilitation does not take much time, bed rest is recommended for only 3-4 days, after which the person returns to everyday life. For 1-3 months, a small list of restrictions after surgery should be observed:
- Do not play sports.
- Do not visit the pool, sauna, bath.
- Protect eyes from ultraviolet radiation.
- Prevent temperature changes.
- Do not lift heavy objects.