Myoma of the uterus is a disease of the genital area of a woman, characterized by the appearance in the muscular uterine layer of a benign tumor. The pronounced symptoms of fibroids are bleeding, prolonged and profuse menstruation, drawing pains, frequent urination, constipation and in some cases infertility. The disease is diagnosed by ultrasound. The treatment depends on the patient's age, as well as the size of the myoma itself. If a woman plans to have children in the future, then hormonal drugs are used. For large sizes of fibroids, surgical removal of the tumor, i.e., myomectomy, or removal of the uterus itself, is recommended - hysterectomy.
It is impossible to say exactly what causes and the development of uterine fibroids doctors can not. As a rule, myoma grows slowly: for some reason one cell starts to divide, creating muscle tumor cells forming nodes. Depending on their location, the myoma is sub-serous , submucous , cervical or intraligamentary. If the causes of uterine fibroids are not clear, the consequences can lead to the fact that the uterus gradually increases as in a normal pregnancy. That is why its dimensions are indicated in weeks.
Why does the uterine myoma appear?
The growth hormone-dependent tumor is affected by progesterone and estrogens. There are a number of factors explaining why the uterine myoma appears. So, among the psychological causes of myoma formation, there are long and strong stresses, heavy mental and physical work. Also, myoma can be provoked by a violation of hormone production, if there are ovarian diseases, chronic infectious diseases, diseases of the endocrine glands, a violation of fat metabolism, and heredity. If the myoma is already formed, its growth is affected by abortion, refusal of breastfeeding, the absence of children under the age of thirty, inflammatory chronic diseases of the sexual female sphere, as well as prolonged intake of oral combined contraceptives and frequent exposure to the sun.
How to treat myoma?
If we consider conservative methods, then the treatment of fibroids is possible only if the tumor is small (up to twelve weeks), grows slowly and is located under the uterine membrane or in the middle muscle layer. Doctors prescribe symptomatic treatment, combined with the intake of hormonal drugs. These include goserelin, buserelin, zoladex, triptorelin, gestrinone.
The large size of fibroids (more than twelve weeks), the rapid growth of the tumor and the marked symptoms are direct indications for surgical intervention. The most sparing method is the use of laparoscopic myomectomy, that is, removal of the tumor with instruments inserted through incisions in the abdominal cavity. After sparing surgery the woman is quickly restored, and her
Submucous myoma requires hysteroscopic myomectomy, that is, complete removal of the uterus with a special tool - a hysteroscope inserted through the vagina. Naturally, after the described operation it is already impossible to have children. The most painful, but effective, method is embolization of the uterine artery, into which a special substance is injected, stopping the flow of blood. Myoma stops growing and eventually dies.
There is also a method of FUS ablation, which is suitable for women who do not want to have children in the future. It is based on the use of ultrasonic focused waves, which reduce the size of the nodes of the myoma.