The most frequent violation of the rhythm of the heart, which occurs even in absolutely healthy people, is ventricular extrasystole. In some forms, this syndrome is practically not dangerous and involves only preventive measures and supervision by the endocrinologist. More severe types of pathology require an integrated therapeutic approach.
Causes of ventricular extrasystole and its types
This disorder often accompanies people without heart disease, especially if it is exposed to stress, intense mental and physical stress, drinking and smoking, and overeating.
The main causes of extrasystole include:
- cardiac ischemia;
- cardiosclerosis;
- myocardial infarction;
- osteochondrosis;
- myocarditis ;
- arterial hypertension;
- diseases of the nervous and digestive system.
The syndrome is classified according to two signs. Depending on the site that provokes the appearance of extrasystoles, the ailment is of the following types:
- Monotopic or monomorphic ventricular extrasystole. Impulses come from the same place, as a rule, do not require special treatment. It is considered the most favorable form in the prognostic plan.
- Polytopic or polymorphic ventricular extrasystole. Characterized by a serious malfunction in the conductive system of the myocardium, extrasystoles occur from different parts of the heart. Heavily lends itself to therapy.
By the number of repetitions there is a single and frequent ventricular extrasystole. Sometimes there is a pair and a group form of pathology.
Ventricular extrasystole on ECG
If you are able to read an electrocardiogram, you can recognize the described violation by the following criteria:
- absence before extrasystole P-tooth;
- the extraordinary and often premature appearance of an altered ventricular QRS complex;
- discordant location of the T-wave and segment of the RS-T extrasystoles with respect to the main tooth of the QRS complex;
- presence of full compensatory pause after extrasystoles;
- strong deformation as an extension of the QRS complex.
Symptoms of ventricular extrasystole
As a rule, the considered violation of the heart rhythm proceeds without visible clinical manifestations. The only form of extrasystole with pronounced symptoms is frequent. It is accompanied by a feeling of lack of air, dizziness, anguish and weakness in the body in the presence of concomitant heart disease.
Treatment of frequent and polytopic ventricular extrasystole
Therapy is performed only for these forms of pathology, because other types of it do not require special treatment.
First, measures are taken to relieve the main symptoms of heart rhythm disturbances and normalization:
- Admission of sedative (natural or synthetic) drugs, including - Diazepam, 3-5 mg three times a day.
- Use of beta-blockers (Anaprilin, Propranolol, Obsidan) for 10-20 mg 3 times a day.
In the presence of bradycardia, cholinolytics are additionally prescribed:
- Bellaid;
- Itropium;
- Bellataminal;
- preparations krasavki .
If such treatment is ineffective, which happens very rarely, antiarrhythmics are used:
- Novocaineamide;
- Quinidine;
- Dizopramide;
- Flecainide;
- Mexiletin;
- Propaphenone.
Treatment of ventricular extrasystole with folk remedies
As a supportive activity, it is recommended to take valerian infusion as an effective sedative:
- Grind 1 tablespoon of dry valerian root and pour it 1 cup of boiled warm water.
- Insist about 8-10 hours under the lid.
- Strain the remedy, take 1 tablespoon of the solution 3 times in 24 hours at any time.