The tooth cyst can be formed in the patient for several reasons, but the patient may not know about its existence. In some cases, it is determined by accident in the treatment of teeth, and sometimes manifests itself as pain after suffering from infectious diseases.
What is the tooth cyst?
The cyst of the teeth until recently was poorly diagnosed and was treated with a radical method - tooth extraction. Thanks to advances in dentistry, doctors were able to help the patient and keep the injured tooth. The main problem of cysts is that often it appears on the root of the tooth, where it is not easy to get a doctor to remove it. Maxillary teeth are affected by the cyst more often because the roots of the upper teeth have a more porous composition.
Cyst of the tooth is a dense formation, inside which is a purulent liquid. The cyst under the tooth saves the tooth from the nearby infection by the encapsulation method. Getting into the capsule, the bacteria lose the opportunity to spread, but do not die. If the cyst is not treated, under favorable conditions it may begin to increase, which can lead to its rupture and tooth loss.
Tooth Cysts - Species
Types of dental cysts are distributed for reasons of their formation:
- Retromolar cyst. It is caused by chronic processes that occur in the dental and peri-toothed tissues, the cause of which was the eruption of teeth.
- Erection cyst. This type of disease is a subspecies of the retro-molar cyst. It occurs in children during the replacement of milk teeth by permanent teeth.
- Radicular cyst. The most common type of cyst. It is formed due to inflammation of the gum tissue.
- The follicular cyst. Appears on the follicles of new teeth during the formation of dental tissue.
- Keratokist. It is a type of follicular cyst. It differs from it in that the pathology is formed from the epithelium and prevents the normal eruption of the tooth.
- Residual cyst. Formed after removal of the dental unit, if a piece of bone remains in the gum.
- Cyst of the eye teeth. Appears due to inflammation in the maxillary sinuses.
Residual cyst
Residual cyst of tooth occurs on the site of the removed tooth. To her appearance leads to improper removal of the tooth, the remainder of the dental bone, the wrong treatment of the root cyst. This kind of cyst is dangerous because with a partial removal of the cyst continues to develop, that is - leads to a relapse. Residual cyst is difficult to diagnose, because on the retgenic picture it can be similar to a tumor and various injuries. To make an accurate diagnosis, a biopsy should be performed.
Keratokista tooth
Keratokist is an education that forms near the third molars of the lower jaw. The cause of the appearance of the keratokist is the defect in the development of "wisdom teeth". Its name was given to this type of cyst due to the fact that the inner layer of formation consists of keratin. Dental surgeons in their practice meet with single-chamber and multi-chamber keratogenesis.
A keratokist is rare. They find it either by X-ray or by a small growth on the gum. Often keratokista gradually develops into holestomu, sometimes - into malignant neoplasm. Cystic keratostructures must be surgically removed. If this is not done in time, the patient can have consequences in the form of an oncological disease, purulent inflammation, deterioration of the jaw bone, sepsis and hearing impairment.
Retromolar cyst
The retro-molar cyst is located in the area of the lower corners of the jaw, behind the erupting wisdom tooth. The cause of the formation of this type of cysts are chronic inflammations in the periodontal tissues. As a result, the integumentary epithelium becomes a cystic formation above the erupting tooth. The difficulty is represented by retro-molar cysts that are not associated with "wisdom teeth" and are separate entities. Cyst wisdom tooth should be removed as soon as possible after its detection.
What is dangerous cyst of the tooth?
The dental cyst is a dangerous disease, inattention to which can lead to health problems and even - to death. The most common complication of cysts is tooth loss. This happens when the cyst destroys the bone tissue and replaces it with a connective tissue. Other complications of cysts can be such diseases:
- fracture of the jaw due to thinning of bone tissue;
- purulent inflammation, leading to loose teeth, abaissement, inflammatory processes in the gums, fluxes;
- tumor processes;
- phlegmon;
- sepsis;
- increased lymph nodes ;
- Cyst of the tooth in the maxillary sinus, sprouted from the oral cavity.
Cysts on teeth - causes
The causes of the formation of cysts can be very diverse. They can be caused by trauma, infection, wrong treatment. In some cases, it is not possible to establish the exact problem that led to the appearance of the cyst. The main causes of the appearance of cystic processes in the oral cavity are:
- incorrect treatment of the tooth, resulting in infection in the dental canals;
- injuries to the jaw and teeth;
- microtrauma of teeth;
- Infectious diseases, due to which the infection appears in the bloodstream and spreads through the body;
- chronic sinusitis , since the maxillary sinuses are directly connected to the dental canals;
- cyst under the crown of the tooth occurs as a result of inflammatory processes0 occurring under the crown and not diagnosed for a long time;
- difficulties with the eruption of the "eights" ;
- severe hypothermia.
Cyst of tooth - symptoms
A cyst on the root of a tooth, the treatment of which should be started as early as possible, often develops asymptomatically. Symptoms of the disease can appear when the cyst has led to serious complications. For this reason, it is recommended to visit the dentist twice a year and not to neglect the x-ray examination. Common symptoms of a dental cyst are:
- toothache while eating;
- increased body temperature in combination with other cysts;
- pain or discomfort when biting;
- general weakness;
- the cyst of the front tooth manifests itself as a visible tubercle or protrusion, while the color of the gum can be changed;
- fistula , fistula ;
- headache.
Diagnosis of a tooth cyst
To confirm the cyst tooth dentists prescribe radiography. The tooth cyst in the image looks like an oblong or round dark spot with clear boundaries. Often it is localized in the area of the root of the tooth, sometimes extending to the neighboring root. If the picture is difficult to say unequivocally, what is the nature of the spot detected, it is necessary to do a repeated X-ray diffraction at a different angle. In some cases, computed tomography is required.
Cyst of tooth - treatment
Whether it is possible to cure a cyst of a tooth Treatment of a cyst of a tooth can be carried out by different methods. The choice of method of treatment depends on the size of the tumor and its localization. To treat a tooth cyst, one of the following methods is chosen:
- Therapeutic. This method is used in case the tooth cyst has dimensions not exceeding 8 mm, and the peculiarities of the structure of the tooth canal make it possible to reach the cyst. If a quality seal is placed in the dental canal, it will not be possible to get to the cyst in this way. With the therapeutic method of treatment, the doctor performs disinfection of the tooth, pushes out pus and fills the vacated cavity with a special paste.
- Laser treatment. This is an innovative way to get rid of the cyst. The advantage of this type of treatment is a good reaction of the body to such treatment and rapid recovery of the cleared cavity.
- Surgery. It is used in neglected and severe cases. Removal of the cyst of the tooth with the help of surgical intervention requires the subsequent antibiotic therapy and control over the process of recovery.
Cyst on the root of the tooth - treatment or removal?
If the patient has been diagnosed with a cyst on the tooth, treatment or removal of the tumor should be done as quickly as possible. In our time, the doctor does not need to ask whether it is possible to cure the tooth cyst. Modern technology allows for the treatment of cysts in most cases to do without tooth extraction. Which method of treatment to choose depends on several factors:
- If the cyst is less than 8 mm, and the tooth has even channels, the doctor will try to keep it. To this end, he can apply therapeutic treatment, including treatment of the cyst and root canal of the tooth.
- If there is a pin in the tooth, a crown is put on the tooth, the disease is accompanied by pain and swelling in the cyst area, then the doctor will tend toward the removal of the tooth.
- If through the gum is not possible to get to the cyst, and the dental canals are severely sealed, the tooth will have to be removed.
Treatment of a cyst of a tooth by the laser
The use of a laser helps to treat a tooth cyst without removing the dental unit. At the same time, the patient does not experience painful and unpleasant sensations, the cyst cavity is well cleared and heals quickly. Laser treatment is the prevention of re-education of the cyst in this place. The disadvantage of this method of treatment is its high cost and the absence of this device in most dental clinics.
Laser treatment has such stages:
- Before removing the tooth cyst, the tooth unit is opened, the seal is removed, the canals expand.
- A laser is introduced into the channels.
- With the help of the device, the cyst is removed, the cavity is disinfected.
- The tissue disintegration particles are removed by vacuum.
Cyst of tooth - operation
If the cyst on the root of the tooth is large, it must be surgically removed. Depending on the specific case, the dental surgeon chooses one of the types of surgical intervention:
- Hemisection , in which the resection of the tooth cyst is carried out together with part of the affected root and cavity of the tooth. It takes several weeks to recover and antibacterial therapy.
- Cystectomy , in which a lateral incision is made to remove the cyst in the gum and the cystic formation and apex of the root are removed. After removing the cyst, a seam is applied. The operation is considered traumatic and can have unpleasant consequences. The timing of healing depends on the size of the removed cyst and on the overall health of the patient.
- Cystotomy - is to open the cystic cavity and remove its front wall. The second wall connects with the oral cavity. After surgical intervention, careful care for the cystic area, a course of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.