Kidney ultrasound - transcript

Ultrasound examination - a modern instrumental method of examining the internal organs of man. When diagnosing kidney disease, ultrasound is the leading research procedure. Kidney ultrasound is performed both in public medical clinics and in commercial medical institutions.

Types of examination

There are two approaches to ultrasound examination of the kidneys:

1. Ultrasound echography is based on reflection of sound waves from tissues and allows to reveal conglomerates, neoplasms and violations of organ topography (shape, size, location).
2. Ultrasonic dopplerography provides information on the state of the blood circulation in the kidney vessels.

Explanation of ultrasound of the kidneys, adrenals and ChLS

After the procedure, ultrasound on the hands of the patient (or his relatives) is given a conclusion. The results of decoding the ultrasound of the kidneys are recorded in a form understood exclusively by specialists, since they contain many medical terms. The attending physician is obliged to explain to the patient what is revealed during the examination. But sometimes to get an appointment with a nephrologist or a urologist can not immediately, and the unknown causes considerable concern. Let's try to figure out which parameters with ultrasound of the kidneys are considered normal, and what renal pathologies are indicated by their changes.

The norm of ultrasound of kidneys during decoding in an adult is as follows:

1. Body dimensions: thickness - 4-5 cm, length 10-12 cm, width 5-6 cm, thickness of the functional part of the kidneys (parenchyma) - 1.5-2.5 cm. One of the kidneys may be larger (smaller) than the second, but not more than to 2 cm.
2. The shape of each of the pair of organs is bean-shaped.
3. Location - retroperitoneal, on both sides of the spine at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, the right kidney is slightly lower than the left one.
4. The tissue structure is a homogeneous, fibrous capsule (the outer shell of the organ) - even.
5. The adrenal glands have different shapes: a triangular right adrenal gland and in the form of a month the left adrenal gland. And in full people, the adrenal glands can not be visualized.
6. The internal cavity of the kidneys (calyx-tubular system or chls) is normally empty, without inclusions.

What do deviations from norms say?

Changes in the kidneys indicate the development of the following pathologies:

1. The size of the organs is reduced with glomerulonephritis , increased - with hydronephrosis, tumors and stagnation of blood.
2. Kidney failure is observed with nephroptosis, a complete change in the localization of the organ - with dystopia.
3. An increase in the parenchyma is characteristic of inflammatory phenomena and edema, a decrease in dystrophic processes.
4. Badly visible boundaries of the internal organ in hydronephrosis.
5. When the kidney tissue is compacted, the image is lighter. This may be a sign of diseases such as glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, chronic pyelonephritis, amyloidosis , etc.
6. The dark areas on the image suggest the presence of cysts in the kidney.
7. Seals in chls (light areas) when decoding ultrasound of the kidneys warns about the formation of benign or malignant tumors. Identify the nature of the tumor can be using biopsy and magnetic resonance (or computer) tomography.
8. The expansion of the renal calyxes discovered during the decoding of renal ultrasound is a sign of hydronephrosis, as well as obstructive processes in urolithiasis (the presence of sand, stones, blood clots) or tumors.

Attention! Sometimes in the decoding of ultrasound is the phrase "increased pneumatosis." Excessive amount of air can signal increased gas production, but most often indicates insufficient preparation of the patient for the procedure of ultrasound.