Various violations of the menstrual cycle (NMC) is very common today, almost every second woman is familiar with the problems of an irregular cycle. Diagnosis NMC in gynecology put if:
- monthly scant (less than 50-80 ml) or abundant (more than 150 ml);
- the duration of the menstrual cycle is less than 21 days or more than 35 days;
- menstrual bleeding lasts less than 3 days or more than 7 days;
- Menstrual flow accompanied by severe shingles in the lower abdomen.
Causes and treatment of NMCs
It is important to remember that the diagnosis of the NMC in gynecology is just a symptom of a particular disease, the presence of which has led to a malfunction in the hormonal system.
The reasons for NMCs are very diverse. Temporary disruption of the cycle can be triggered by stress and anxiety, longer - infectious, inflammatory and even tumorous diseases of the genital and other internal organs, traumatic injuries or endocrine disorders.
In gynecology, there is a tendency to diagnose NMCs for girls and women who have a hereditary predisposition to this disease. Congenital anomalies of female genital organs are also possible.
At least three diagnostic measures are needed to determine the cause and purpose of adequate treatment of the NMC:
- research of the hormonal profile of a woman;
- bacteriological smear from the vagina ;
- Ultrasound - the conduct of ultrasound in the NMC is necessary to exclude congenital and acquired pathologies of pelvic organs.
Treatment of the NMC is aimed at eliminating the root cause of the disorder. So, a woman may need hormone therapy, physiotherapy, nutritional and vitamin complexes, taking anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs and even surgery.
NMC in the reproductive period is always a problem for women wishing to become pregnant. Fortunately, with the help of modern techniques of therapy, the nature of the course of the menstrual cycle lends itself to a significant adjustment, even in the diagnosis of a NMC, pregnancy in most cases occurs.
Types of menstrual irregularities
The most frequently diagnosed types of menstrual cycle disorders are:
- NMC by the type of oligomenorrhoea . This disorder is rare (with a time interval of 40-180 days) and short (up to 2 days) monthly. NMC type oligomenorrhea diagnoses in three women out of a hundred, most often the disease is inherent in young women.
- NMC by the type of hyperspolymenorei. This disorder is characterized by a short (14-20 days) menstrual cycle and a profuse and prolonged (more than 7 days) menstrual bleeding. NMC type hyperspolymenorei dangerously possible heavy blood loss and most often occurs against a background of serious gynecological diseases.
- NMC by the type of metrorrhagia. Characterized by spontaneous bleeding, not related to the menstrual cycle. NMC by type of metrorrhagia is perhaps the most serious disorder, since it almost always indicates serious diseases of female genital organs (erosion, myome, polyps, cervical cancer, ovarian tumor, severe endometritis, etc.), and in pregnancy, type of metrorrhagia is accompanied by miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.
- NMC by the type of menorrhagia (polymenorrhea). A very common disorder associated with excessive (more than 150 ml) and prolonged (more than 7 days) blood loss during menstruation,
while the duration of the menstrual cycle is not violated. - Violation of the menstrual cycle (NMC) in premenopause
- NMC in the period of premenopause (NMC by type of physiological oligomenorrhea or menorrhagia) is a natural phenomenon for any woman. With age, the function of the ovaries fades, the level of hormone production decreases, after 40 years the woman has a premenopausal period (premenopausal period). In this period, the duration of the menstrual cycle is then reduced, then increases, and the volumes of menstrual bleeding also change. This condition lasts for 6 years until the time of the last menstruation.