Bronchodilators are drugs that eliminate bronchospasm, affecting the tone of bronchial muscles and the various links of their regulation. They are used in the treatment of various diseases that occur with the phenomena of bronchial obstruction: apnea of newborns, emphysema of the lungs, acute or chronic obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Bronchodilators are divided into several species.
Adrenomimetic drugs from the group of bronchodilators
Adrenomimetics are drugs that can very quickly stop an attack of suffocation. They are mainly produced in the form of aerosols. The list of bronchodilators of this subgroup includes such drugs as:
- Hexoprenaline - dilates the bronchi, relaxing the smooth muscles. With a long attack of suffocation or insufficient effectiveness of the inhalation form, you can use this drug, injecting intravenously.
- Salbutamol is a long-acting drug. Its bronchodilator effect is due to rapid relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchi. After using the drug, side effects may occur: severe headache, nausea, vomiting. Absolute contraindications Salbutamol does not.
- Terbutaline - has a bronchodilator effect and is successfully used for the treatment of various chronic lung diseases with a narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi. After inhalation of the drug, its effect develops only after 5-10 minutes.
- Formoterol - locally acts on the bronchi, causing bronchodilation for 5-10 minutes. It can be used both for the treatment of bronchospasm , and for its prevention.
Holin-blocking agents from the group of bronchodilators
Cholinolytics are preparations of the bronchodilator group, which have spasmolytic activity. They are used to treat various diseases accompanied by spasms of smooth muscles. Care should be taken when using anticholinergic agents, since even a small overdose can cause:
- severe dry mouth ;
- tachycardia;
- violation of accommodation.
One of the most effective bronchodilators of this group are drugs with trententhol (the names of the drugs are Trententhol and Truvent). They literally relax the muscles of the bronchi in a few minutes, eliminating bronchospasm, but they can not be used by patients with heart rhythm disturbances and any obstructive bowel diseases. In addition, they penetrate the placenta and into breast milk, so they can not be taken by pregnant women and women during lactation.
Bronchodilators of myotropic action
Bronchodilators of myotropic action are preparations that are derivatives of xanthine. They excite the central nervous system and improve the impaired contractility of the muscle of the diaphragm. They are prescribed mainly for the therapy of bronchial asthma and for the prevention of bronchospasm attacks.
The list of bronchodilators of myotropic action includes such medicines as:
- Euphyllinum - when ingested it strongly irritates the stomach, so it is usually used as a solution for intramuscular injection. Bronchodilating effect is manifested within 10 min and lasts more than 2 hours. If you enter the solution intramuscularly, the duration of the action may vary slightly.
- Diprofylline - is available in the form of a solution for injections and suppositories. For the prevention of bronchospasm, it can be used simultaneously in two forms, for example, in the afternoon take pills, and at night put candles.
- Theophylline - when taken orally absorbed quickly. Bronchodilating effect is manifested after about 30 minutes, and it lasts more than 3 hours. In the form of rectal suppositories, bronchodilation can occur earlier, but at the same time the risk of drug overdose increases at times.
Bronchodilators of myotropic action can cause dizziness, tachycardia and a sharp drop in blood pressure.