Sport biathlon - types and rules of races in biathlon

Sports biathlon is treated in a sports dictionary as a double match. More popular was the phrase "biathlon" - the synthesis of skis and shooting from a rifle. Previously, Finland, Norway and Sweden were leading in this list, and from the end of the last century Germany and Austria began to show activity.

Biathlon - what is it?

Biathlon, as a sport, has declared itself since 1993, when competitions for the World Cup and world championships began to be held. Translated from the Latin language, this word means "twice struggle": in running on skis and in shooting. Modern researchers put forward two versions about the emergence of biathlon:

1. This sport evolved from ski hunting in the Nordic countries, when it takes hours to quickly move through the snow and quickly catch the game in sight. It is confirmed also by Norwegian images on a stone, which number more than 5 thousand years.
2. Biathlon start was given to competitions of employees on the border of Sweden and Norway, which were held in 1767. Participants were supposed to hit the target at a distance of up to fifty steps during the descent.
3. The idea to compete right away in the race for skiing and shooting was given by contests of patrols of military men, and a winter sport of biathlon appeared.

Types of Biathlon

For almost 100 years, while this sport developed, other varieties of biathlon appeared. In addition to the classic version with skis and pneumatics, athletes successfully master more complex elements. What kinds of races are there in biathlon?

1. Arche-biathlon . The cross-country skiing is combined with archery.
2. Biathlon on snowshoes . Participants move on snowshoes, shooting is conducted from rifles.
3. Hunting biathlon . Here you need skills to walk on hunting skis and handling a hunting rifle.
4. Summer biathlon . Used roller skis, shots are produced from a conventional rifle.

Kinds of biathlon races also qualify for the mechanics of competitions:

1. Sprint . Participants overcome two boundaries of fire.
2. The pursuit race . Start in that order, as they completed the sprint. Mass start. All start simultaneously.
3. Individual race . Long distances are selected.

Biathlon - Individual Race

Sports biathlon is not in vain called a match of strengths, marks and endurance. Quickly moving on skis is in itself a difficult task, requiring effort and effort. And then you need to quickly stop and hit the target, not paying attention to the hands trembling with fatigue. Therefore, the rules of biathlon are tough, and the most difficult is called the race in the personal championship:

• a very large distance: two dozen kilometers - a man's distance, and a half dozen - a female
• 4 boundaries of fire;
• a mistake is a minute of fine.

Biathlon - Pursuit

The types of races in biathlon differ not only in distance, but also in conditions. A special requirement of the pursuit race is the movement of the terrain in the same order in which the sprint was completed. The order is rigidly registered:

1. The winner starts first, the rest of the participants are nominated from the finish with a delay for a time, which they lost.
2. The men's distance is calculated at 12.5 kilometers, the women's distance is 10 kilometers.
3. The boundaries of the fire are divided into 2 parts: they shoot twice from standing position, twice - lying.

Sprint in biathlon - what is it?

Sprint rules in biathlon begin to study all newcomers, this is the initial stage for all competitions. What do they provide?

1. Distance for men - 10 kilometers, for women - at least 7.
2. There are only two fences of fire, overcome standing and lying down.
3. For penalty points, an additional round of the race, up to 150 meters, is thrown.
4. Overcome the distance participants in turn.

Mass start

Fans of collective competitions prefer a mass start in which all participants leave at the same time. How is the mass start in biathlon formed?

1. Allowed to race only 30 best athletes, they determine the rating of the past year.
2. Men's biathlon provides a distance of 15 kilometers.
3. Female biathlon takes into account the distance of 12.5 kilometers.
4. The firing of the fire is 4, 2 of them from the prone position and 2 from the standing position.
5. A slip is a free kick.

Relay race in biathlon

Its rules of racing in biathlon provides for the relay race. Here the main bet is made on the high indicators of the team's total time. Therefore, the best biathletes are allowed to compete. Conditions:

1. The participating country has the right to nominate four best athletes.
2. Distance for each - 7.5 kilometers.
3. The boundaries of fire are 4.
4. At a miss, you can use three additional rounds.

Kinds of shooting in biathlon

In biathlon for shooting, 2 positions are provided: standing and lying. Main rules:

• when shooting from the "lying" position, the competitor can only touch arms with arms, shoulders and cheek;
• when shooting from the "standing" position it is allowed to press the rifle against the chest or thigh, it is necessary to keep the balance without any support.

For the biathlon, targets were specially developed, for the years of development of this sport, the types of targets in biathlon have changed many times.

1. Paper . The first players started from them, but in the middle of the last century they were abandoned because of impracticality. Too long it was necessary to take readings, often there were disputes because of getting into the envelope.
2. Wooden . They installed balls, the fact of hitting could be noted by judges, spectators, and athletes. However, such targets gave a high error.
3. Glass . For shooting standing, a diameter of 30 centimeters was envisaged, for the lying shots - 10. They were obsolete after problems with transportation.
4. Metal . They are used in modern biathlon. The constructions are closed when hit in the target, they work on the sensors. The leader of the production of the best targets for biathlon is called Kurvinen.