Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a serious dermatological disease, manifested in the form of numerous papules and vesicles that spread throughout the surface of the skin, including mucous membranes.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome - causes of the disease
Experts believe that the propensity to develop the syndrome of Stephen-Johnson is inherited. As a rule, the syndrome arises as a response allergic reaction of immediate type at reception:
- antibiotics;
- sulfonamides;
- drugs-regulators of the central nervous system;
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Besides, malignant formations and infections can provoke the disease:
- parotitis;
- measles;
- flu;
- herpes;
- chickenpox;
- tuberculosis;
- mycoplasmosis;
- brucellosis;
- salmonellosis;
- AIDS, etc.
In some cases, the exact cause of the disease can not be identified.
Symptoms of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
The disease develops rapidly. At the initial stage, there are:
- high temperature (up to 40 degrees);
- fever;
- Strong headache;
- muscle and joint pain;
- tachycardia;
- pain in the throat;
- diarrhea;
- vomiting;
- cough.
For several hours on the mucous membranes of the mouth there are bubbles, because of what the patient can not drink and eat. There is eye damage as an allergic conjunctivitis with a complication in the form of purulent inflammation. At the same time, erosion and ulcers can develop on the cornea and conjunctiva, as well as development:
- keratitis;
- blepharitis ;
- iridocyclitis.
Approximately half of cases of the disease affect the genito-urinary organs.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is characterized by crimson blisters on the skin 3 to 5 cm in size with serous or bloody contents. After opening the blisters, red crusts are formed.
Possible complications of the syndrome are:
- acute renal insufficiency;
- pneumonia;
- bleeding from the bladder;
- bronchiolitis;
- blindness.
Medical statistics dispassionately states: every 10th patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome dies.
Treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome
In the event of the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, the ambulance is aimed at replenishing the fluid. The patient also undergoes a therapy similar to that used for treating patients with extensive burns, using drying and disinfecting solutions. To purify the blood, an extracorporeal hemocorrection is organized:
- plasma filtration;
- hemosorption;
- immunosorption;
- membrane plasmapheresis .
Infusion of plasma, protein compounds, saline solutions is carried out. Prednisolone and other glucocorticosteroids are intravenously administered. Mucous membranes of the mouth are treated with disinfectants, for example, hydrogen peroxide. Glucocorticosteroid eye drops drip into the eyes and ointments are pawned. When the urogenital system is affected, solcoseryl ointment and glucocorticosteroid agents are used. To prevent repeated allergic reactions use antihistamines. When the edema of the larynx of the patient is expressed, the patient is
An important place in the therapy of a patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome is the organization in the hospital of measures to prevent bacterial complications, including:
- sterility of linen;
- isolation from other patients and visitors;
- air treatment with ionizing radiation.
A patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome must be prescribed a hypoallergenic diet that involves the intake of liquid or mashed foods, plenty of drink. Heavy patients are shown parenteral nutrition.