If it is impossible to defeat the disease with the help of conventional medicines, or the degree of the disease has become dangerous, doctors prescribe antibiotics. Recently, more and more often began to prescribe antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action. What are their advantages, the mechanism of action, you learn by reading the article.
Antibiotic of a wide spectrum of action of new generation
Antibiotics are preparations of biological or semisynthetic etymology. They are designed to negatively affect pathogens - bacteria.
Getting inside, the antibiotic gets into the blood first, and then accumulates in a certain organ or body system. Therefore, if it was possible to identify the causative agent of a disease, doctors confidently prescribe an antibiotic of a narrow spectrum of action depending on the disease, knowing that this particular antibiotic is localized in the right organ and will begin its therapeutic effect.
In the event that it is not possible to understand the origin of the microbes that cause the disease, experts prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics.
How do antibiotics work?
There are two mechanisms of antibiotic exposure to bacteria:
1. Bactericidal - this type of action is aimed at the complete destruction of harmful microbes. Preparations of this group suppress the synthesis of the cell membrane, causing their death. These are, for example:
- Penicillin;
- Gentamicin;
- Cephalexin;
- Streptomycin;
- Polymyxin;
- Rifampicin and others.
Recovery from antibiotics bactericidal mechanism of action occurs more quickly.
2. Bacteriostatic - this type of antibiotics does not allow breeding colonies of bacterial pests, and the bacteria themselves are killed by protective immune cells - leukocytes. These include:
- Levomycetin;
- Tetracycline;
- Erythromycin;
- Linkomycin and others.
Premature termination of the course of reception threatens that bacteria will "get used" to antibiotics, get tired, and the disease will return in time.
The advantage of new modern broad-spectrum antibiotics
Consider what is better than a new generation of antibiotics:
- They act depressingly on a greater number of harmful microorganisms - gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
- They have fewer side effects.
- Reception of the drug is more convenient - antibiotics of the first generation should be taken 4 times a day, the third and fourth generation - only 1-2 times.
- They are more effective, recovery is faster.
- More purified and not so harmful to the gastrointestinal tract and other systems in the body, since the probability of death of beneficial microflora is minimized.
- They are better tolerated by the sick.
- Longer circulate by blood, retaining the curative effect for a longer period, so the frequency of intake is reduced by several times.
- They are in the form of tablets, capsules or syrups, which need to be taken once a day, which is very convenient for many patients.
List of antibiotics of a new generation of a broad spectrum of action
1. Cephalosporins 1-4 generations are active against staphylococci, Klebsiella, Proteus, Haemophilus and Escherichia coli, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis:
- Cefazolin;
- Cephalexin;
- Cefadroxil;
- Cefaclor;
- Cefuroxime;
- Cefotaxime;
- Ceftriaxone;
- Tsepefim and others.
2. Fluoroquinolones - used for infections of the respiratory tract, infections of the urinary tract, soft tissues, skin, suppuration of bones, joints, STDs, meningitis, sepsis:
- Ciprofloxacin;
- Tsiprolet;
- Ofloxacin;
- Lomefloxacin;
- Norfloxacin;
- Pefloxacin;
- Levofloxacin;
- Moxifloxacin;
- Sparfloxacin and others.
3. Carbapenems are used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by enterobacteria and anaerobes:
- Tienam;
- Meropenem.
4. Penicillins - used for infections of the respiratory system, urogenital system, stomach and intestines, skin, gonorrhea, syphilis:
- Amoxicillin;
- Flemoxin solute;
- Hiconcile;
- Phenoxymethylpenicillin;
- Ampicillin;
- Oxacillin;
- Ampioks ;
- Amoxicillin clavulanate (amoxiclav, augmentin, moxiclav, clavocin and others).
After recovery with the help of antibiotics, it is advisable to drink medicines to restore immunity and intestinal flora - tincture of Echinacea, Immunal or others.