Vaccination is necessary in order to protect the child from such serious diseases as hepatitis, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, rubella, whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus and parotitis. Before the vaccines were developed, these diseases took many children's lives. But even if the child could be saved, complications such as paralysis, hearing loss, infertility, changes in the cardiovascular system left many children with disabilities for life. Because of possible complications after vaccination, many parents refuse to vaccinate children, this issue in pediatrics is still very acute. On the one hand, the danger of epidemics increases due to the increase in the number of unvaccinated children. On the other hand, in various sources there is a lot of frightening information about the terrible consequences after vaccinations. Parents who decide to vaccinate need to understand how vaccinations are done and what precautions should be taken.
Vaccination is the introduction into the body of killed or weakened microbes, or substances that these microbes produce. That is, the neutralized causative agent of the disease is inoculated. After vaccination, the body develops immunity to a particular disease, but does not get sick. It should be borne in mind that the child will be weakened after vaccination, the body will need support. Vaccination is a heavy stress for the body, so there are mandatory rules that must be observed before and after vaccination. The most important rule - vaccinations can be done only to healthy children. In case of chronic diseases, in no case should you be vaccinated during exacerbations. For other diseases, a minimum of two weeks after recovery should pass, and only then it is possible to carry out vaccination. To avoid complications after vaccination, the doctor should examine the child - check the work of the heart and respiratory organs, conduct a blood test. It is necessary to inform the doctor about allergic reactions. After vaccination, it is recommended to stay at least for half an hour under the supervision of a doctor. Depending on the condition of the child, the doctor can recommend taking antihistamines 1-2 days before the vaccination to alleviate possible allergic reactions. The temperature after vaccination in a child can rise very quickly, so it is recommended to start taking antipyretics before or immediately after the vaccination. This is especially necessary if the temperature after vaccination has already been raised during previous vaccinations. Immunity to the disease is developed within 1-1,5 months, so after vaccination, the child's health should not be endangered, it is necessary to avoid hypothermia, to maintain immunity with vitamins. The first 1-2 days after vaccination of the baby is not recommended to bathe, especially if his immunity is weakened.
Each vaccination can be accompanied by certain changes in the state of the child, which are considered normal and do not threaten health, but there may be life-threatening complications. Parents need to know what state of the child after vaccination is considered normal, and in which cases it is necessary to seek help.
A vaccine from hepatitis B is done on the first day after the birth of the child. After vaccination against hepatitis, an acceptable response is a slight condensation and pain at the injection site that take place within 1-2 days, weakness, a slight increase in temperature, a headache. In case of other changes in the condition, consult a doctor.
The vaccine against tuberculosis BCG is administered on the 5th-6th day after birth. By the time of discharge from the hospital there are usually no traces of vaccination, and only after 1-1,5 months at the injection site there appears a small infiltration up to 8 mm in diameter. After that, a pustule resembling a vial appears, a crust is formed. While the crust does not come off it is necessary to watch, so that the infection does not get caught, while bathing, you should not rub the place of vaccination. At 3-4 months the crust passes and remains a small scar. To the doctor after vaccination, BCG should be treated if there is no local reaction or if a strong redness or suppuration develops around the pustule.
After vaccination against poliomyelitis, there should be no reactions, with any changes in the child's condition, you need to contact the doctor.
After DTP vaccination (from diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis) complications are frequent. In such cases, individual vaccine components are used for subsequent revaccination. There may be an increase in temperature to 38.5 ° C, a slight deterioration in the condition. This reaction takes place within 4-5 days and is not dangerous for the child. In cases where, after the DPT vaccination, the skin becomes denser and blushes at the injection site, the temperature is more than 38.5 ° C, and the condition sharply and significantly worsens, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Often after vaccination, a lump is formed, mainly due to improper administration of the vaccine. Such bumps dissolve within a month, but it will not be superfluous for the specialist to appear.
When vaccinated against mumps (mumps) after vaccination, a small seal may appear. Parotid glands may also increase, short-term abdominal pain may occur. The temperature after vaccination against mumps rises rarely and briefly.
At the child after an inoculation from measles seldom there are changes of a status. This vaccine is administered once at the age of 1 year. In rare cases, signs of measles may appear 6-14 days after vaccination. The temperature rises, a runny nose appears, minor rashes on the skin may appear. Such symptoms disappear within 2-3 days. If the child after the vaccination feels ill for a longer time, then it is necessary to consult a doctor.
After vaccination against tetanus , anaphylactic reactions that threaten life may develop. If the temperature rises, signs of allergy should be sought for help.
After vaccination against rubella, side effects are rarely seen. Sometimes there may be symptoms of rubella after vaccination, the appearance of a rash, an increase in lymph nodes. You may have a runny nose, cough, fever.
When vaccination is allowed only an individual approach to each child. Therefore, it is better to go to specialized centers or to a family doctor who is aware of the child's health and can explain to parents all the nuances of vaccination and also to monitor the child's condition after vaccination. A professional approach will significantly reduce the risk of complications after vaccinations, so if parents decide to do the vaccination, then it is necessary to thoroughly prepare and trust the health of their kids only to experienced professionals.