The appearance of a new person in the world is a difficult process, responsible and unpredictable. Unfortunately, not always childbirth proceeds normally, it happens that the baby as a result receives birth defects. Hemorrhage in the brain in newborns is the hardest birth trauma of the central nervous system. It can arise mainly due to damage to the skull of the newborn, as a result of which the blood vessels in the brain are torn.
The prerequisites for this are:
- discrepancy between the size of the child's head and the birth canal;
- premature or premature pregnancy;
- rapid or protracted delivery;
- severe pregnancy (intrauterine infection, hypoxia);
- improperly performed obstetric interventions /
Types of cerebral hemorrhages in the child
Depending on where the blood vessels were ruptured, cerebral hemorrhage in the child is divided into:
1. Epidural - between the dura mater and cranial bones . Occur with damage to the bones of the cranial vault.
The course of epidural hemorrhages differs by the presence of a quiet interval (3-6 hours), after which there is a syndrome of compression of the brain (6-12 hours), the child quickly becomes worse and he falls into a coma after two or three days.
Symptoms of epidural hemorrhage:
- pupil dilated on the damaged side;
- suffocation;
- convulsions;
- slow heart rate;
- lowering of blood pressure.
2. Subdural - between the hard and soft meninges . Occur in very fast or prolonged labor with a very large child, as a result of damage to the skull and displacement of its plates. The consequences depend on how quickly they were diagnosed and started treatment.
3. Subarachnoid - in the space between the substance of the brain and the arachnoid membrane . Occur during prolonged labor, when obstetric interventions are performed. Most often occur in premature infants. With this type of hemorrhage, there is inflammation of the brain membranes, caused by the products of the decomposition of blood deposited on them.
Appear either immediately after childbirth, or in a few days.
Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage in newborns:
- general agitation;
- long lying with open eyes;
- cry;
- alert or anxious expression;
- convulsions;
- rapid movement in response to the slightest irritation;
- sleep disturbance;
- strabismus;
- an increase in the circumference of the head due to the divergence of the cranial bones;
- tension of the muscles of the occiput.
The consequences with this type of hemorrhage are usually insignificant.
4. Hemorrhages in the substance of the brain and the ventricles . There is a thicket of everything in premature babies because the vessels in their brains are not yet sufficiently developed and very fragile.
In newborns, several types of intracranial hemorrhage can be combined, but among the many symptoms usually dominate the symptoms of one of the species, depending on the severity of brain damage.
Treatment of cerebral hemorrhages in the infant
To the kid, who has had a hemorrhage in the brain, it is necessary to create the most sparing regimen - to protect him from loud sounds and bright light, to try to disturb him as little as possible while changing clothes, to monitor the temperature of the body - do not overheat and do not overcool. Feed your baby more often through a probe, because sucking is too much work for him.
The consequences of cerebral hemorrhage in newborns can be different, it all depends on its type, severity, the presence of concomitant diseases. It can both go without a trace, so bring severe consequences in the form of hydrocephalus or cerebral palsy.