All people use in their diet various cereals: buckwheat, rice, millet, etc. But rice is the most popular, as it is not just food, but also a part of the culture of most of the world's population. If how wheat is grown, it is still familiar, how rice grows for most remains unknown, because it happens in far-away Asian countries. Despite the fact that rice is of different types, but the technology for growing them is almost the same for them.
In this article you will get acquainted with how the plant looks like rice, where and how it grows.
Plant rice
Rice is an annual herbaceous plant from the family of cereals, grows and yields a good harvest in a tropical and temperate climate. It has a furry root system, which has air cavities, which provide access to oxygen in flooded soil. A rice bush is formed from several upright or upright knotty hollow stems with a thickness of 3 to 5 mm in height up to 5 m.
Rice growing areas
Almost all countries in Asia (China, India, Thailand, Japan, Indonesia) have grown rice for more than five thousand years, and in European countries only about 6 centuries. In the corners of the world grows rice of different varieties:
- long grain rice - Asia, Australia, North and South America;
- medium-grained rice - Spain, Italy, USA, Burma and Australia;
- round grain rice - Italy, Russia, Ukraine, China and Japan;
- wild rice - the Great Lakes region, on the border of the USA and Canada;
- red rice - the south of France;
- black rice - Tibet (China);
- Kamolino - Egypt, at the mouth of the Nile;
- basmati - Punjab province, in the north of India and Pakistan at the foot of the Himalayas;
- jasmine - mountainous regions of Thailand.
Rice growing conditions
Rice can be grown both on flat ground, flooded water, and on dry fields, like ordinary grain crops. To do this, you create fields of the following types:
- checks - flat fields or terraces on clefts of hills, surrounded by dams or ramparts, to retain water;
- liman - a section of muddy soil near rivers, cultivation is carried out on them during the flood period;
- Dry-bottom - are used in areas with a large annual rainfall.
To grow rice, you need good sunlight, so the longer the light day, the faster the harvest ripens.
It is better to arrange the fields on clayey, loamy, silty and slightly acidic fertile soils. To obtain a good harvest of rice, it is recommended to plant it after alfalfa and clover, and also to change the landing place every 2-3 years.
Technology of rice cultivation
If in the cultivation of rice on the liman and dry margins, much in the process depends on weather conditions, then on checks, the whole process is controlled by a person, so this method is used for almost 90% of all rice grown.
This is done like this:
- With the help of special nests, seedlings are grown from rice seeds. The optimal temperature for this is 13-16 ° C.
- The obtained seedlings are planted on the check.
- After a few days, the territory of the check is gradually flooded so that the maximum water level is not less than 13-15cm. Rice
grows well at a temperature of 25-30 ° C. - To weed the weeds, the water is lowered from the check, and after the completion of the work, it is refilled. Weeding is performed only manually.
- To fully ripen and dry the land before harvesting, the water comes down from the fields when the green stems of rice begin to turn yellow.
As a result of such a difficult cultivation, a person receives a very useful and necessary cereal in the diet, which is used to reduce cholesterol, with diets and even vegetarians .