For sure, every person at least once in his life came across an infectious disease, whose treatment can not do without taking antibiotics, and many even have in general terms the notion of the properties of these drugs and the features of their use. Antibiotics are divided into groups, the differences between them, mainly, consist in the chemical composition, the mechanism of action and the spectrum of activity.
In addition, in each group of antibiotics are classified drugs of different generations: antibiotics of the first, second generation, etc. The last, new generation of antibiotics differs from previous ones with fewer side effects, greater efficacy, and ease of administration. In this article, we will consider what preparations of the last generation are on the list of antibiotics from the macrolide group, and what their features are.
Characteristics and application of macrolides
Antibiotics related to the macrolide pharmacological group are considered to be one of the least toxic to the human body. These are complex compounds of natural and semi-synthetic origin. They are well tolerated by most patients, do not cause unwanted reactions characteristic of antibiotics of other groups. A distinctive feature of macrolides is the ability to penetrate into cells, creating high concentrations in them, quickly and well distributed in inflamed tissues and organs.
Macrolides have the following effect:
- bacteriostatic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- immunomodulating.
The main indications for taking antibiotics-macrolides are:
- infections of the respiratory tract and oral cavity ( periodontitis , otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, diphtheria, tuberculosis, etc.);
- bile duct disease;
- infectious diseases of the eyes (conjunctivitis, trachoma, etc.);
- peptic ulcer;
- infections of the skin and soft tissues (acne in severe form, erysipelas, mastitis, etc.);
- urogenital infections, etc.
Modern macrolides
The first drug of the macrolide group was erythromycin. It should be noted that this drug is used in medical practice to this day, and its application shows good results. However, subsequently invented macrolide preparations, due to the fact that they have improved pharmacokinetic and microbiological parameters, are more preferable.
Antibiotic-macrolide of the new generation is a substance from the group of azalides - azithromycin (trade names: Summamed, Azithromax, Zatrin, Zomax, etc.). This drug is an erythromycin derivative containing an additional nitrogen atom. Advantages of this drug are:
- high level of suction;
- prolonged half-life;
- acid resistance
- ability to be transported by leukocytes to the focus of inflammation;
- the possibility of reducing the duration of therapy and the frequency of medication (once a day for 3 to 5 days).
Azithromycin is active with respect to:
- staphylococci;
- streptococci;
- chlamydia;
- Pertussis stick;
- a hemophilic rod ;
- gardnerella;
- mycoplasma;
- mycobacteria;
- causative agents of syphilis and some other bacteria.
To a greater extent, the accumulation of drugs is observed in the lungs, bronchial secretion, nasal sinuses, tonsils, kidneys.
Macrolides of the last generation with bronchitis
Preparations based on azithromycin are characterized by the most optimal spectrum of antimicrobial activity in relation to typical and atypical pathogens of bronchitis. They easily penetrate the bronchial secretion and sputum, block the synthesis of protein in bacterial cells, thereby inhibiting the multiplication of bacteria. Macrolides can be used both for acute bacterial bronchitis and for exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.