Violation of the acid-base state, characterized by an excess of acids in the body, is called metabolic acidosis. Distinguish between compensated and uncompensated metabolic acidosis. In the first case, the pH of the blood is close to the lower limit of the norm, and in the second - there is a pronounced shift towards the acid, at which denaturation of proteins occurs, a lack of production of enzymes, destruction of tissue cells. Complicated flow of metabolic processes can lead to death.
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
The immediate cause of the development of this state is known - it is the oxidation of the body due to oxygen starvation and inadequate excretion of organic acids (improper functioning of the lungs, kidneys and other organs of the excretory system) A number of factors cause a shift in the acid-base balance:
- environmental pollution;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- inadequate exposure to fresh air;
- unhealthy habits (smoking, alcohol, etc.);
- unbalanced nutrition.
A clarification should be made on the last of these factors. The fact is that based on the name of the violation, some think that acidification causes acidic foods to taste. This is not true. Acids in the body are formed as a result of the breakdown of fats, hydrocarbons, some types of amino acids, etc. Fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as vegetable oils contain anions that neutralize organic acids.
Acute metabolic acidosis occurs with shock conditions for the body due to severe injuries, poisoning , alcohol abuse, etc.
Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis
The signs of acidosis are:
- nausea, vomiting:
- prostration;
- palpitation;
- increased blood pressure ;
- frustration of the central nervous system (confusion, confusion).
It should be noted that with mild forms of acidosis, these symptoms are erased. To diagnose a violation of the acid-base balance, the following studies are carried out:
- urinalysis to detect pH;
- analysis of the gas composition of arterial blood to determine pH;
- Analysis of arterial blood for the presence of serum electrolytes.
Treatment of metabolic acidosis
Experts emphasize: treatment of acidosis should be carried out in a complex. In the presence of chronic diseases it is necessary to conduct therapy for the underlying ailment that caused a shift in the acid-base balance in the patient's body. In case of development of acute acidosis, a targeted effect is required to reduce the influence of harmful factors, for example, when poisoning, it is necessary to wash the patient's stomach. In severe poisoning, dialysis may be performed. In the event of a cessation of breathing, for example, due to severe trauma, artificial ventilation is prescribed.
To correct metabolic acidosis, intravenous fluids are indicated. In severe forms, sodium bicarbonate preparations are prescribed to raise the pH level to normal and higher. Sodium bicarbonate is added to solutions of sodium chloride or glucose in certain proportions, which depend on the violation of blood volumes. Restrictions on the intake of sodium can be achieved with the help of a diuretic Trisamine. In the presence of pathologies in the broncho-pulmonary system, diabetes mellitus or rickets, Dimephosphonum can be used.
Attention! The use of medicines for anti-acid treatment must necessarily take place under the supervision of the attending physician, who systematically monitors the dynamics of acid and alkali indicators in the patient's analyzes.