A timely and well-conducted plum vaccination solves a lot of problems, for the first experiments beginners do not need huge capital investments or import tools. The time and effort will be repaid a hundredfold, as a result you will learn how to replace the old small-fruited variety or get your quality seedlings at home.
Spring plum pruning
Anyone who has acquired a tiny but own fruitful garden, wants to expand the number of varieties of growing houses of shrubs and trees. Often the site already has old inefficient small-fruited varieties that require replacement. Sometimes in the market we are deceived by unscrupulous citizens, slipping wild or seedlings of unknown low-yielding breeds instead of the desired Chinese woman or Giant. The listed problems are solved by the inoculation of plums, which can be made without involving specialists themselves.
To make the work pay off and bring a delicious fruit after a couple of years, it is advisable to study the rules of care for plum grafts and the basic techniques for performing this operation. Now there are up to two hundred methods for replacing the variety on fruit trees, but you do not need to be scared, in home gardening you use up to 4 popular species that are carried out in warm weather. Much is decided by the cutting used in the work. It is not always possible to transfer fresh material directly from the mother liquor and inoculate the plum for a short period.
What cuttings are suitable for grafting plums:
- The plum grafting material is used with a steadily fruiting plum of a time-tested variety,
- it is better to take a one-year shoot with ripened wood,
- The stem must grow on the sunny side in the outer part of the crown,
- the middle tier of the crown is the optimal choice for cutting material, at the top the shoots are thick, and from the bottom is always a short growth,
- cut cuttings preferably before the arrival of stable strong frosts at 20 ° C,
- it is optimal to store the stem for storage from 40 cm to 50 cm in length,
- cut in spring, branches can be damaged by frosts, in severe winters, the kidneys often freeze out, so often the results of work are because of this unsuccessful,
- the best vaccination is obtained in cases when the graft is still asleep, and the rootstock has already come to an active state.
In a harsh climate, the graft was always stored in snowballs, sprinkled on top with sawdust, at temperatures up to 4-5 ° C frost. For low-snow southern regions, when there is little material, one can use household refrigerators, cold cellars. If the varieties are somewhat desirable to divide them into packages and hang tags. To ensure that the forthcoming inoculation of the plum is successful, we periodically check the cuttings, remove the appeared mold, and control the moisture.
The timing of grafting plums
It is desirable to choose the optimal time for plum grafting, in this matter it strongly influences the result of the gardener's work. With the exception of the frosty winter period, all other seasons are relatively well suited for this interesting operation with trees, but everywhere there are some significant features that need to be considered when grafting.
When it is better to vaccinate plums:
- Spring vaccination. This period has always been considered the most successful for working with seedlings or for replacing a variety. Abundantly circulating juices help quickly to grow together wood and to receive the maximum приживаемость привойного a material. The additional advantage of spring vaccinations is that you have time to correct mistakes in the summer.
- Summer vaccinations. Produce in June-July, the replacement of the variety can be, warm and sunny days are enough in most cases for the growth of scion and normal aging of the wood. Perform work in this period is appropriate in cases when the spring vaccination of the plum was due to a number of reasons unsuccessfully.
- Autumn vaccination. Successful results are achieved in the fall, not always, early frosts can suddenly come unexpectedly and all the labors will go to rubble. The survival rate in autumn is low, grafts can be inoculated purely for experimental purposes, and the main work should be moved to the spring of next year.
Features of grafting plums
The quality of the adhesion depends on the time of the year, the quality of the material, the technology of the work, the qualification of the person. A huge role is played by the compatibility of varieties that are used by the gardener. Often, firstly, survivability is observed, but later the waxing season is drying up or at the place of adhesion it breaks off at the slightest load. Privoy we choose by quality, and the stock - by its compatibility. He has a lot of influence on the strength of growth, frost resistance, the time of entry into the fruiting, the yield and the life span of the tree.
The main criteria for selecting a rootstock:
- maximum compatibility,
- how much the stock is suitable for the local climate (frost-resistance, drought resistance, resistance to abundant rainfall),
- presence of a good root system.
The question of whether it is possible to plant a sink on the seedlings or adult trees in the garden is of immense importance. There are intraspecific inoculations (plum siphoning), interspecies (cherry on a plum), intergeneric (peaches on a plum). The most successful work is with intraspecific materials, with intergeneric oculars or copulinations a large percentage of failures. Stone and pome cultures do not take root together, experimenting in this area is useless.
Inoculation of apricot on a plum
On a large scale for seedling under apricots take seedlings of wild local forms with small fruits, less often plum. In the question, whether the plum is planted on apricot, there are many nuances. These species are close relatives, but experiments often produce negative results. In the reverse experiment, it is better to take half-wild samples of plums for the rootstock, with them the intergrowth turns out to be more qualitative, the frost resistance of the high-quality apricot will be higher.
Vaccination of plum plum
In ancient times, the turn was crossed with cherry plum and as a result we received the ancestors of the current large-sized plums. Biologists scientifically proved the relationship of these species of trees, so if desired, it is possible to plant the plum on the plum and back without problems. Alycha serves as a good stock for most of the stone. Care of the plum grafts in this podvoye complexity is not different, but often have to deal with the shoots.
Peach on a plum
Sometimes, amateurs practice using the shoots or corners of this tree to work with a peach. Vaccination of a peach on a plum in the spring is well obtained with varieties Hungarian Don and Hungarian Italian, and the widespread variety Anna Shpet gives a large percentage of the marriage during the growing. Fruiting at the successful approach occurs at 4-6 years, the plant grows frost-resistant and powerful.
Inoculation of a cherry on a plum
Experiments with the crossing of varietal cherries and plums give a small percentage of success, the wood has many differences, so cuttings and buds do not heal well. The best results are obtained when working with a felt cherry, a miniature tree of Chinese origin can play the role of a good weakly grown rootstock. If you know how to properly vaccinate on a plum, then you have a chance to lay your own garden of pygmy plums. Felt cherry as a rootstock is rarely used. At the roots of the plum, it develops more strongly and when blooming reminds not a weak bush, but a wonderful sakura.
Inoculation of the cherry on the plum
The result of grafting the cherry on the plum is rarely positive. Even good at first glance, the experiments soon end with the drying up of unviable shoots and the rejection of wood. For gardeners the varietal cherry has the glory of a capricious tree, it fuses well with bird cherries and wild cherries. The rootstock in the form of a simple weakly-cherry for it is better not to use, the experimenters are expecting failures due to the overgrowth of the powerful graft along the thickness.
How to get the plum on the plum?
The probability of normal intergrowth of wood increases at times, when a qualitative intraspecific inoculation of a plum with a cuticle or a kidney is made. Well served as a stock of proven, but obsolete varieties Renklod kolkhoz, Skorospelka red, familiar to many Wengerka Moscow. If you want to get the most stable tree in your area, use seedlings of wild plums for vaccination.
How to plant a plum?
Works in the gardens are now produced by different tools and devices, the technique of their implementation can visually differ, but all the existing methods of vaccination fall into three main groups:
- Copulation - inoculation into the trunk with one or several cuttings.
- Kidney grafting.
- Ablaktivka - splice by convergence of sprouts growing next to each other.
In the case of how to properly vaccinate on a sink, you can not apply all of the many hundreds of ways, but the three main ones that gardeners can do easier. Almost always, lovers choose methods of propagation of the variety by escaping to the cortex, escaping into a cleft and eye-sight. Ablactinization requires the joint growth of the queen and the scion, which is uncomfortable for trees, it is preferred mainly by the husbandmen in the cultivation of poorly rooted varieties.
An immense distribution was obtained by ocularization, in which a tiny eyelet, taken from a varietal shoot, appears as a stock. The easiest way to inoculate the kidney with a knife. The scabbard with the bark is removed from the stock and replaced with a similar scab with a live kidney taken from the rootstock. The edges of the bark are combined until complete coincidence. The place of inoculation of the plum is tightly bandaged and closed for a while with a film. In the T-shaped method, a cut is made in the cortex of the rootstock, through which the graft kidney is introduced into the shoot.
Inoculation of plum under the bark
With this method, remove the upper part of the rootstock branch, cut the bark with a knife on the shoot below the place to the hardwood, unfolding it to the sides. On the cuttings, an oblique incision is made up to 3 cm in length and 2-3 alive eyes are left. After carefully insert it into the groove of the rootstock into the length of the cut. The site of the operation is tightened, the open parts of the wound are smeared with a wax, trying not to bring it inside. Inoculation of the plum beyond the cortex is rarely practiced, it is not always possible on stone fruit trees, but it always passes perfectly on seed pods.
Inoculation of plum in spring in cleavage
A convenient and viable way is to multiply the plum by grafting into a cleft. It is suitable for adult trees that do not suit the grower for varietal qualities. The technique of work in this case is simple:
- The branch of the stock is cut off and in the middle on it a cut is made up to 4 cm deep.
- A screwdriver or a prepared wedge made of solid wood is inserted into the place of grafting, keeping the splitting temporarily from closing.
- On the cuttings of the grafting, oblique cuts are produced from both sides forming a wedge of similar depth.
- Hand touch bare areas of wood is not recommended.
- Privoj is introduced into the cleft before combining the cambial layers.
- In the case when the diameter of the rootstock branch is large, it is better to plant two cuttings from the opposite sides of the cleavage at once.
- The site of grafting is pulled together by an insulating tape, a string or other material, an open wound on the wood is covered with a var .