It is often possible to hear from my mother that a one-year-old kid is constantly popping his little curious nose in every corner of a familiar and unfamiliar space. And it is not surprising, because the early childhood of the child is characterized by a constant process of cognition of the surrounding world. This is what adults know and know for us, and a small researcher makes the most important discoveries in his life. The child learns the world with the help of the senses, which is why he has little to see and hear, but one has to touch and even try. In pedagogy, the process of mastering the surrounding world through sensations and perceptions is called sensory development.
Stages of sensory development
The development of the sensory sphere of children, of course, can not occur without the participation of adults, because it is from them that the child learns about universally recognized patterns. The essence of the sensory development of the child is that the process of perception goes from simple to complex, and only after learning the initial stage, the child can move on. Therefore, sensory development of children is conditionally divided into two stages: early and preschool.
Sensory development of young children is due to an actively developing brain. It is in early childhood that it is so important for a kid to accumulate knowledge about the external properties of objects: shape, color, size, smell, taste, etc., which is important for the further development of his memory, speech and thinking. The purpose of sensory learning is not to automatically memorize the names of colors or forms, but the formation of the skills to use the generally accepted samples when evaluating the properties of objects and substances.
Games for sensory development of children
Leading role in sensory education of children is reserved for adults, but it is also important that the baby himself should feel his importance and participation. Games for developing the perception of children are an integral part of sensory learning. It is playing, the child acquires the necessary experience.
- Games with geometric shapes. Find the desired figure among others, distribute the figures by color or size, make up a picture of the figures. Then you can take a certain figure and find objects of the interior similar in shape and color, this will help to correlate the acquired knowledge with the surrounding world.
- Games to determine the size. Here you can bring in the favorite toys of the baby: build a house for a teddy bear, pick up plates for fairy-tale heroes needed by the size of a spoon or dress dolls in suitable clothes.
- Games for imitation. Invite the child to smile, frown his brows, cheat the cheeks, and then you can read the nursery rhyme, performing movements along the text.
- Games for perception. Give the child to touch a variety of sensations - a terry towel, rough sponge, rustling paper. And then repeat this exercise with your eyes closed and ask the baby to remember the sensations.
Involve in the game not only toys: cubes, pyramids, designers, mosaics, but also "adult objects", which so attract the kids. Pans, caps, buttons are perfect for games to determine color and size.
Separately, you can select games in the fresh air. While walking, pay attention to the color and size of passing cars, the size and color of houses, the number of trees and poles.
If in early childhood the child acquires and assimilates sensory standards, then the peculiarity of the sensory development of preschool children is the use of generally accepted standards and a deeper knowledge of the features of each subject. For example, color training is complemented by the introduction of shades, the formation of written skills (outline contouring), etc., is added to the study of geometric forms. Such techniques contribute to the development of elementary analytical abilities.
The systematic education of the sensory culture of the child from an early age is the basis for its successful educational activity in the younger school age.