Smear for cytology

To obtain reliable results, it is desirable to adhere to the following requirements before passing the test:

• abstain for 1-2 days from sexual intercourse;
• refuse to take medications, douching (if it was not agreed with the doctor);
• the last urination before the swab is taken in at least 2 hours;
• The smear does not surrender at plentiful inflammatory allocation.

It is recommended to take a smear for cytology approximately on the 4th-5th day of the menstrual cycle.

Technique of taking a smear for cytology

The procedure for taking a smear is painless and takes a few seconds. A cytological smear is taken from the surface of the cervix, as well as from the cervical canal. For this, a special spatula is used. Samples are placed on the glass and sent to the laboratory. There, the material is dyed according to the Pap smear, dried, examined under a microscope.

Study and smear results on cytology

When analyzing a smear for cytology, an evaluation is made of the size, shape, and mode of cell location. In addition to diagnosing cellular abnormalities, deciphering a smear for cytology can reveal the presence of a number of harmful microorganisms.

The cervix is ​​covered with two kinds of epithelium: a flat (multilayered) covers its vaginal part, and a cylindrical (single-layered) part of the cervical canal that connects the cervix to the uterus.

The norm of the smear for cytology is a negative result. That is, all cells have a normal shape, size and location, there are no atypical (pathological) cells.

Let's try to figure out what the smear for cytology shows. There are five classes of results of this analysis (according to the Pap test):

1. Normal cell structure, cytology without singularities. This means that the woman is healthy.
2. Inflammatory type of smear for cytology. In this case, there are minor changes in the structure of cells due to infectious inflammation. The detection of inflammation in the smear on the cytology indicates the need to undergo additional examinations to identify the pathogen.
3. Presence of a small number of cells with abnormally altered nuclei (mild, moderate or severe dysplasia). In this situation, you need to re-take a smear or a histological examination of the altered tissue.
4. Visible changes in the nucleus, chromosome and cytoplasm of several cells (suspected cancerous formation). A colposcopy with a biopsy of a suspicious piece of tissue is necessary.
5. Detection of a large number of cancer cells in the smear. The patient is urgently sent to an oncologist.

Usually the results of the analysis are ready for the second day after taking the smear for cytology. This analysis is simple and informative for the diagnosis of cancer. In the early stages of today, this disease is completely curable, so it is very important to regularly give a smear to cytology.

Smear from nose to cytology

When diagnosing the nature of rhinitis, cytology of the nasal secretion is carried out - a smear from the nose. At a microscopy reveal, what cells prevail in a mucous nose. The predominance of neutrophils indicates an infectious inflammation. If more than 15% of the cells in the smear are represented by eosinophils, then the allergic rhinitis. The predominance of epithelial cells indicates an increased permeability of the mucosa.