The principle of the intrauterine device
The remedy is highly effective, prevents the onset of conception in 98% of cases. In order to explain this fact, it is necessary to understand how the intrauterine device operates. At the core of the mechanism lies the multidirectionality of the effect:
- Creates a mechanical obstacle in the path of a mature egg. Penetration of the female germ cell into the uterine cavity is difficult. As a result, she does not manage to penetrate and implant into the uterus because of a limited period of viability. After leaving the follicle, the egg should be fertilized within 48 hours. Then come destructive processes, it dies.
- Reduction of activity and viability of spermatozoa due to the release of certain substances by a spiral from pregnancy.
- Increased viscosity of cervical mucus, due to disturbance of circulation processes. As a result, a natural barrier is created on the way of male germ cells, which do not reach the oocyte.
Installation of an intrauterine device
A woman who has decided to use such a tool will have to undergo a long procedure of examination. It includes:
- Smears from the vaginal cavity and cervical canal;
- blood tests for HIV and RV, hepatitis;
- Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
- general urine analysis;
- elimination of the existing pregnancy;
- research on sexual infections.
When put an intrauterine device, the woman comes to the medical institution with the results of the examination. The installation of the IUD itself is carried out within the first 7 days from the start of the cycle. Thus, the possibility of its excretion out due to contractile movements of the myometrium is excluded, which is noted with monthly movements. Before the intrauterine device is installed, the doctor conducts neck treatment with an anesthetic. The introduction of the drug is carried out in the gynecological chair using mirrors and dilator. The procedure lasts no more than 5-10 minutes. Women who signed up for manipulation are tormented by the question of whether it is painful to insert a spiral from pregnancy. The use of analgesic components reduces soreness. Completely to exclude it it is not possible, because of carrying out of procedure of expansion of a cervical channel. Therefore, a certain discomfort is experienced, a slight pain that passes through 1-2 hours.
Removal of the intrauterine device
Extraction of the IUD is carried out at will, when a decision is made on the planning of pregnancy. In addition, there are certain dates, depending on the type of material from which the contraceptive is made. On average, it can be used for 5 years. There comes a time when you can remove the intrauterine device, and the woman turns to a medical institution.
The procedure is performed during menstrual flow. This fact is due to the fact that the physiological opening of the cervical canal is noted at this time, and this facilitates the extraction process. Produced by means of threads that are attached to the IUD. Control of the success of manipulation is carried out using ultrasound.
Spiral intrauterine - types
Female spiral from pregnancy is selected individually, taking into account the anatomical features of the reproductive system. This fact causes a large number of varieties of the IUD. As the perfection changed the shape and material from which such contraceptive products are made. There are 4 generations:
- Inert IUDs. They are one of the first types of contraception. Visually looks like the Latin "S". It was originally made of polyethylene. Low efficiency. An example is Lips's loop.
- IUD with copper. The appearance of these contraceptives was a kind of breakthrough. The chemical element of copper has spermicidal properties, adversely affects the viability and speed of movement of spermatozoa. The disadvantage is the allocation of copper, which limits the period of use - requires replacement in 2-3 years. These include Nova-T.
- The Navy is silver. The next type of contraceptive. The introduction of silver ions prolonged the possibility of using up to 5 years. Intrauterine spiral Multiload refers to such contraceptives.
- Hormonal spiral from pregnancy. The hormone component - progesterone or levonorgestrel - is added to the foot of such a remedy. These biological substances inhibit maturation, the release of the egg from the follicle. Often a remedy is referred to as a therapeutic intrauterine device. A positive effect is noted on the reproductive system as a whole, which is confirmed by a decrease in the incidence of inflammatory diseases. The Mirena intrauterine device is of this type.
- Navy with gold. Example - GoldLeilly, - an intrauterine device with a plastic base, covered with a copper thread and impurities of a precious metal.
Considering the types of IUDs, it is necessary to say separately about the appearance of the spiral from pregnancy. Depending on the form, the following are distinguished:
- similar to the letter "T";
- in the form of a loop;
- annular;
- resembling a twisted spiral, umbrella.
Gold intrauterine device
The low prevalence of this type of IUD is due to the high cost. But the intrauterine spiral with gold is a variant of the choice of women who decided to use this method of contraception. The advantage of this version of the spiral is the fact that it is absolutely not subject to corrosive changes. As a result, it can be used for 7 years. Allergic reactions are excluded.
Silver intrauterine device
The absence of the need for a frequent change of contraceptive is very important for women. An intrauterine device with silver refers to such. It should be noted that the core (inner part) is made of copper. Covering with silver ions not only prolonged the service life (5 years), but also reduced the incidence of inflammatory processes. Completely eliminate the lack of reaction to the spiral of pregnancy from the female body can not.
Copper intrauterine device
This type of IUD refers to the old means of contraception. Simplicity of manufacture and low cost have caused the big prevalence of the adaptation. Structurally it is a plastic case around which a copper wire is wound. In view of the fact that it is susceptible to corrosion, such a contraceptive spiral requires replacement in 2-3 years of use. Metal ions actively affect sperm, reduce their mobility. Fertilization of the egg does not occur.
Hormonal intrauterine device
A distinctive constructive feature is the feature that levonorgestrel is contained in a special plastic container. The T-shaped spiral, like oral contraceptives, affects the ovulatory process at the hormonal level, in addition to creating a mechanical impediment to the implantation of a fertilized egg into the endometrium.
The ring-shaped intrauterine device similarly contains hormones. They are allocated evenly, every day. Side effects, in the form of the appearance of nausea, body weight gain, which is observed with prolonged use of oral contraceptives, are excluded. It is due to the fact that hormones do not enter the total bloodstream of the female body.
Intrauterine spiral - which is better?
The question of how to choose a spiral contraceptive is most of all worried by a woman. Doctors do not give him an unambiguous answer. Due to the fact that the selection should be carried out exclusively by a specialist. Based on the findings, after examination in the gynecological chair, the type is selected. Because of this, there is no such thing as "the best contraceptive spirals". Physicians take into account a lot of nuances in their selection.
Intrauterine spiral - pros and cons
Like any contraceptive, the spiral from pregnancy has advantages and disadvantages. Given this fact, unequivocally answer the question: what is better, a spiral or birth control pills, not a single doctor can. Among the advantages of this method of protection, it is necessary to name:
- high efficiency 98%;
- duration of use - 3-10 years;
- no need for continuous monitoring;
- rapid recovery of reproductive function after extraction.
Among the negative aspects of the application of the Navy are:
- lengthening, increase in the volume of menstrual flow;
- soreness with menstruation;
- abaissement of the IUD - expulsion;
- increased risk of ectopic pregnancy;
- allergic reaction;
- reduction in thickness of the endometrium.
Intrauterine device - contraindications
There is no universal contraceptive. For certain reasons, one woman may be prohibited from hormonal medication, the other - the drugs that are injected into the uterus. Far from all, the spiral contraceptive, contraindications to the installation, is also suitable:
- tumor-like processes in the reproductive system;
- inflammation of the pelvic organs;
- irregular shape of the uterus, deformation of its cavity;
- presence of uterine bleeding;
- current pregnancy;
- tuberculosis of the pelvic organs.
Spiral intrauterine - effects
The installation of such a contraceptive should be carried out exclusively by a qualified specialist. Correctly established intrauterine spiral complications are rare. Among them are:
- infection along the ascending path from the vagina;
- a change in the direction of circulation of the cervical fluid (from the uterus falls into the fallopian tubes, sometimes reaches the abdominal cavity, normally - through the vagina emerges outwards);
- ectopic pregnancy;
- increased menstrual bleeding.